The Narrative Techniques Used by Hitchcock in Rear Window...

The Narrative Techniques Used by Hitchcock in Rear Window L.B. Jeffries is a high-class magazine photographer for what seems to be a worldwide publication. In Alfred Hitchcocks Rear Window, he is a temporarily wheelchair-bound man and his voyeuristic side appears later on in the film. Rear Window depicts a 20th century New York in which fraudsters, murderers and salesmen all live alongside each other. The story describes a man who broke his leg during a photography assignment. He is, for the time being, stuck in a wheelchair with nothing to do but look at the neighbours through his Rear Window. He hasnt seen the light of day since seven weeks ago. Rear Window is one of Alfred†¦show more content†¦This also shows that it is the start of the story. The window fills the whole frame of the shot. This is a good way of setting the scene for the viewers. Old-style joyous jazz music is played at the start - a good way of portraying happy times. The opening scene in Rear Window has no dialogue, leaving even more of the viewers in a pool of anticipation. The scene highlights the fact that every single thing in the film will be seen through that particular window. Alfred Hitchcocks Rear Window is a great example of first-rate camerawork. The camera is used as the narrator and probably plays the biggest role within the film. At the start of the film, the camera is used to pan around every single apartment within the inner city New York apartment block to introduce the characters. Although the characters do not speak, they still play a major role in the film. Alfred Hitchcock puts the viewers in the position of L.B Jeffries, making us all voyeurs. The camera is used to tell the story, as there is very little dialogue in the film. Throughout nearly all of the film, only one shot is used to tell the story, there are very few cuts. By doing it this way, Hitchcock is showing us exactly what the character is seeing. The cast of Rear Window includes Jimmy Stewart, the lovely Grace Kelly, Thelma Ritter, andShow MoreRelatedMovie Review : Rear Window1227 Words   |  5 Pagesof his works dwell considerably on voyeurism, Hitchcock’s 1954 film Rear Window addresses it most directly. Not only does the film comment explicitly on ‘rear window ethics’, it also forces audiences to identify with the characters who violate them. No character in Rear Window is morally clean, and through several cinematic techniques, Hitchcock compels viewers to sympathize with nearly all of them. More than anything, Rear Window is a film about the audience’s complicity with ethically imperfectRead More Alfred Hitchcocks Rear Window Essay1050 Words   |  5 PagesAlfred Hitchcocks Rear Window In Rear Window, Alfred Hitchcock took a plot-driven short story and transformed it into a character-driven movie. Although differences must exist between text and film, because of the limitations and advantages of the different media, Hitchcock has done more than translate a word-based story into a visual movie. Aside from adding enough details to fill a two-hour movie, Hitchcock has done much to change the perspective of the story, as well as the mainRead MoreModern Voyeurism1122 Words   |  5 Pagesseen as a modern interpretation of Hitchcock’s Rear Window. It’s a movie about a grounded teenager who starts spying on his neighbours out of boredom. After making a brief comparison between these two movies, I will mainly focus on the Male Gaze; how the protagonist, Kale Brecht, spends his days spying his new neighbour Ashley, a girl who just moved in the neighbourhood and becomes the object of desire of Kale. Voyeurism is the main theme in Rear Window as well as in Disturbia, the spectator looksRead More Alfred Hitchcock’s Rear Window Essay1177 Words   |  5 PagesHitchcock’s Rear Window In Alfred Hitchcock’s Rear Window, L.B. Jeffries, played by Jimmy Stewart, becomes completely obsessed with spending all of his waking hours watching his neighbors from his wheelchair. He even uses a camera to better his view and thus enhances his role as both a spectator and a voyeur. This contributes to the creation of a movie being played right outside Jeffries’ window. In this â€Å"movie within the movie† his neighbors’ lives become the subject for the plot. Each window representsRead MoreEssay on Voyeurism in Rear Window1917 Words   |  8 PagesVOYEURISM IN REAR WINDOW In this essay, I shall try to illustrate whether analysing the movie Rear Window as a classical example of the Freudian concept of voyeurism, is appropriate. Voyeurism is defined in The Penguin dictionary of psychology as: Voyeurism: characterized by a pattern of sexual behaviour in which ones preferred means of sexual arousal is the clandestine observing of others when they are disrobing, nude or actually engaged in sexual activity. Arousal is dependent upon theRead MoreVoyeurism In Rear Window1767 Words   |  8 PagesHitchcock began his career in the early 1920s as a silent filmmaker, and rose to fame after his first successful silent thriller, The Lodger: A Story of the London Fog (1927). As sound technology progressed and became more accessible to filmmakers and movie theaters, Hitchcock began to work in sound. However, for the remainder of his career, Hitchcock was profoundly influenced by what he called ‘pure cinema’. This idea represents the film medium and its affective and expressive capabilities, unconstrainedRead MoreEssay on Voyeurism: A Freudian Concept Analysed in a Movie1757 Words   |  8 PagesIn this essay, I shall try to illustrate whether analysing the movie Rear Win dow as a classical example of the Freudian concept of voyeurism, is appropriate. Voyeurism is defined in The Penguin dictionary of psychology as: â€Å"Voyeurism: characterized by a pattern of sexual behaviour in which one’s preferred means of sexual arousal is the clandestine observing of others when they are disrobing, nude or actually engaged in sexual activity. Arousal is dependent upon the observed person(s) not being awareRead More Alfred Hitchcocks Movie, Psycho and its Impact on the Film Industry2879 Words   |  12 Pagesthe shower. As a result, Hitchcock had to fight to make the film as close to his vision as possible and find ways to work around censorship laws. When the censors demanded he re-edit the shower scene on account of a fleeting glimpse of Janet Leighs breast, Hitchcock simply sent back the original cut on the (correct) assumption that they either would not re-screen it or would fail to see the barely noticeable nudity the second time around (Rebello 146). As well, Hitchcock reportedly shot the filmRead MoreThe Development Of The Horror Genre Throughout The Years1758 Words   |  8 PagesBoth ho rror and science fiction explore the boundaries of what is means to be human (Belton, 272). This is done by emphasizing the dilemmas of the figures who straddle the border of human and non-human (Belton, 273). Horror and Sci-fi contain narratives that take on a form of a search for knowledge that will enable the human race to overcome any obstacle that involves a supernatural force (Belton, 273); the story lines require a search or journey to resolve the issue. Horror and Sci-fi often overlapRead MoreThe Beginnings Of Cinema United States1931 Words   |  8 PagesThomas Alva Edison, whose company was also the producer of the short films. Fatherhood American fiction cinema is often attributed to Edwin S. Porter, who in 1903 used an innovative technique mount 8 - minute film Assault and robbery of a train by which different fragments from different shots of the same film was together to form a narrative whole. This work became film in a very popular art form, and led to nationwide sc reening rooms appear small, so -called nickelodeones. David Wark Griffith, a disciple

The Behavior Modification Helps A Child With Separation...

Introduction ABA offers many techniques to help people overcome and/or deal with everyday activities such as helping someone to quit smoking, help with building relationships, personality disorders and the ability to express one’s self. ABA when applied to children will address the child’s life in areas that include; social skills, cognitive skills, self-help, play and motor skills, and behavioral needs. ABA in the workplace can be used to increase desired behaviors and decrease undesired behaviors through use of positive and negative reinforcements. In the Case of Emily and that of Mr. Smith I will attempt to go over how Behavior modification can help a child with Separation anxiety behaviors and a company owner having difficulties with†¦show more content†¦Separation Anxiety can be defined as crying, clinging, tantruming, complaining when having to separate from parent(s); sleep difficulties and refusal of going to school. A commonly used diagnostic interview for the assessment of SAD is the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders-Revised (SCARED-R). The SCARED-R contains 66-items measuring all DSM-IV anxiety disorders occurring in children and adolescents, including 8-items assessing SAD specifically (Ehrenreich, Santucci, Weiner, 2009). Children exhibiting SAD symptoms become significantly distressed when separated from their home or attachment figure (usually a parent) and will often take measures to avoid separation. This fear is exhibited through disproportionate and persistent worry about separation, including apprehension about harm befalling a parent or the child when they are not together, as well as fear that the parent will leave and never return. Avoidance behaviors commonly associated with SAD include clinging to parents, crying or tantruming, and refusal to participate in activities that require separation (e.g., play dates, camp, sleepovers). (Ehrenreich, Santucci, Weiner, 2009). Inadvertent reinforcement is unintentional act of rewarding a bad behavior. In Emily’s case her parents may have inadvertently reinforced Emily s

Mass Incarceration The Color Of Justice Essay - 1352 Words

Mass Incarceration: The Color of Justice (DRAFT) Racial discrimination in the United States has been a radical issue plaguing African Americans from as early as slavery to the more liberal society we see today. Slavery is one of the oldest forms of oppression against African Americans. Slaves were brought in from Africa at increasingly high numbers to do the so-called dirty work or manual labor of their white owners. Many years later, after the abolishment of slavery came the Jim Crow era. In the 1880s, acts known as the Jim Crow laws were enacted by Southern states to keep oppression of African Americans alive. These laws helped to legalize segregation between blacks and whites. Slavery and Jim Crow were created to regulate how African Americans functioned in society. Slaves were refused the right to vote, refused citizenship, refused education, and labeled as incompetent as a way for whites to keep what Author Michelle Alexander of the book The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness calls â€Å"social cont rol†. Alexander argues that mass incarceration is the new modern â€Å"racial caste system† of social control. She further goes on to claim that this new system of mass incarceration has replaced the old social systems that were used to oppress African Americans such as slavery and Jim Crow. The system of mass incarceration fueled by the War on Drugs was established as a form of racial control. This new system puts people of color into an endless cycle ofShow MoreRelatedThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1199 Words   |  5 PagesImagine if someone was able to change others perceptions on the American criminal justice system? Michelle Alexander was able to accomplish that by altering some people s entire perception on the American criminal justice system by focusing on our most pressing civil right issues of our time for some of those who did read her book The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration In The Age of Colorblindness. Michelle Alexander stated that The most despi sed in America is not gays, transgenders, nor even illegalRead MoreMass Incarceration In Michelle Alexanders The New Jim Crow Laws1083 Words   |  5 Pagesargued that today’s mass incarceration is the new Jim Crow. Michelle Alexander, an associate professor of law at Ohio State University, outlines her argument for how she came to see the United States legal system as a system of racialized social control in her book The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. She argues that mass incarceration is a type of racial caste system similar to Jim Crow, the â€Å"war on drugs† is the greatest contribution to mass incarceration, and much of theRead MoreIs The Mass Incarceration Of Blacks The New Jim Crow?1540 Words   |  7 PagesIs the Mass Incarceration of Blacks the new Jim Crow? American has a legacy of the mistreatment and disenfranchisement of African Americans. The same bad treatment that many think only took place in the past is in fact still intact, it’s just presented in a new way. The mass incarceration of blacks in the Unites States can be attributed to the â€Å"racial hierarchy† that has always existed. The U.S contributes to about 5% of the worlds overall population, and about 25% of the worlds prison populationRead MoreMass Incarceration Is Defined As The Substantial Increase1072 Words   |  5 PagesMass incarceration is defined as the substantial increase in the number of Americans, particularly men of color, imprisoned within the last forty years. Despite its intentions to serve justice, the system is flawed; the physical freedom, possessions, and educational/career opportunities for inmates are limited during and after imprisonment. Lockeian ideology provides insight into how our criminal justice system has come to operate in this way. In John Locke’s Second Treatise of Government, LockeRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration819 Words   |  4 PagesIn her book The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness (2012), Michelle Alexander empathizes on the issues of the complex of criminal justice systems which has a significant impact on people of color as The New Jim Crow. She also attaches significant to the racial dimensions of the â€Å"War on Drugs† because the convictions for drug offenses are only the most important cause of the explosion in incarceration rates in the United States. This argues that federal drug policy inequityRead MoreBeverly Daniel Tatum Describes Racism As A System Of Advantage1485 Words   |  6 Pagesvarious ways. In other words, blacks are considered less intelligent than whites. The incarceration rates have grown tremendously since the last time someone can remember. The largest jailer in the world is the United States. Philadelphia, however, has the nation’s highest incarceration rates. Surprisingly, 60% of them are still awaiting trial but 72% of them are black. Research has show’s that mass incarceration rates goes hand in hand with segregated cities. In â€Å"The City: Prison’s Grip on BlackRead MoreMichelle Alexander Mass Incarceration1601 Words   |  7 Pagesand legal scholar. In recent years, she has taught at a number of universities, including Stanford Law School, where she was an associate professor of law and directed the Civil Rights Clinics. Alexander published the book  The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. In it, she argues that systemic racial discrimination in the  United States  has resumed following the  Civil Rights Movements gains; the resumption is embedded in the US  War on Drugs  and other governmental policiesRead More The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, by Michelle Alexander1182 Words   |  5 PagesThe New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness is a book by Michelle Alexander, a civil rights litigator and legal scholar. The book discusses race-related issues specific to African-American males and mass inca rceration in the United States. Michelle Alexander (2010) argues that despite the old Jim Crow is death, does not necessarily means the end of racial caste (p.21). In her book â€Å"The New Jim Crow†, Alexander describes a set of practices and social discourses that serve toRead MoreThe New Jim Crow Review600 Words   |  3 Pages The New Jim Crow Review I agree with Michelle Alexander on her view of mass incarceration, as well as the new racial caste system that has evolved in the United States. She states that, â€Å"we have not ended racial caste in America, we have merely redesigned it†. After reading her book The New Jim Crow, her point of view on the age of colorblindness is extremely bold. Over time, it has developed into many forms. The racial systems have evolved from exploitation, to subordination, to marginalizationRead MoreAnalysis Of The Oresteia Trilogy762 Words   |  4 Pagespebble that represents the â€Å"guilt† (Aeschylus 21) of Orestes and a white pebble that represents the innocence of Orestes. In literature it is historically noted that the color black is used to symbolize evil or death, whereas, the color white is historically symbolized as purity, goodness, and life. The systemic colorism of people of color, particularly the Black body, continues to be prevalent not only in literature, but in m odern American history and political system. In early August of 2017, a protest

The Wiz Essay Research Paper In this free essay sample

The Wiz Essay, Research Paper In this really updated version of the well beloved kids s classic The Wizard of Oz, film spectators are transported to a universe of music, orderly particular effects, dazzling costumes, and a antic retelling of the narrative of the fantastic ace of Oz. The Wiz is one of the best African American musicals of all time made because it has a great dramatis personae of histrions and actresses, it has hidden symbolism that relates to African American life, and the pick of music adds power to its message. This musical depicts the battle of black life through vocal and beat, two facets of African American civilization. It is a remaking of The Wizard of Oz with the same narrative, same characters, and an added turn of psyche. The dramatis personae of The Wiz is composed of many gifted people. Legendary psyche mega star Diana Ross plays the 34-year old kindergarten teacher better known as Dorothy. We will write a custom essay sample on The Wiz Essay Research Paper In this or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Diana Ross is known for her many vocals every bit good as her calling as the lead vocalist of the three The Supremes. The King of Pop, Michael Jackson plays the portion of the encephalon destitute Scarecrow. His dancing accomplishments and smooth voice bring this character to life. Lena Horne, wind songstress extraordinare, plays Glinda the Good. Horne is one of the greatest wind vocalists of this epoch. Nipsey Russell, one of the 70s blaxploitation histrions, plays the portion of the Tinman. Comedian Richard Pryor plays the Wiz. His amusing actions give life to this character. Quincy Jones, one of the well-known songsters of his clip, co-wrote the film s soundtrack, along with Nick Ashford and Valerie Simpson, hubby and married woman psyche couple. This coaction of moving and musical endowment makes The Wiz a charming experience of narrative and vocal. African American civilization is defined within the underlying subjects of this musical. For illustration, the name of the Lion is Fleetwood Coupe de Ville, which is the name of a well-known Cadillac. In the 70s, Cadillacs were the male monarchs of the route, much like king of beastss are the male monarchs of the jungle. Following, in this narrative is a lady by the name of Miss One, who sells Numberss to the citizens of Oz. During this clip period, Blacks were seeking for an flight from drab life. Many depended on the lottery for an mercantile establishment. A 3rd signifier of symbolism is the scene where Dorothy and her friends get to Oz and all the citizens are parading in green garb. The Wiz so announces that the colour must be changed to gold, so ruddy, and eventually bluish. These colour alterations resemble the many manner tendencies set and lost during the 70s. African Americans needed a sense of belonging and hence went along with the alterations to be in the in-crowd. The many signifiers of symbolism found throughout this musical define the interior metropolis African American civilization of the late seventiess. The Wiz sends its message non merely through symbolism, but besides through music. The four chief characters perform the most popular vocal in the film, Ease on Down the Road, They sing this as they are following the Yellow Brick Road. Its implicit in message is travel for your dreams, no affair what they are, but it takes clip to accomplish them. A new message is sent through the vocal Believe in Yourself, which is performed by Glinda the Good. This vocal is about assurance and the strength to travel on in life. The concluding vocal sums up the whole film. Dorothy sings Home, where one can be their ego and non worry about other people s ideas or positions about them. Home is a comfort zone for everyone, there s no topographic point like place. Many of the film s subjects are summarized through vocal and hence make the overall tone of the original narrative. The Wiz is a successful remaking of a superb narrative. The characters, the music, the dance, and the emotion all add to the implicit in message of the film. I think this film is a must see for all ages and civilizations. It is a powerful film that portrays African American life, both good and bad facets, in a soulful, charming manner. This musical is one of the best I ve of all time seen and I recommend it to anyone who appreciates good music, civilization, and merely kick inspiration!

Hookup Culture

Hookup Culture and Women Empowering Hookup culture is disempowering for women even though some women claim that it empowers them. This is so because the incidences that surround it put women at risk of low self-esteem, depression, alcoholism, and eating disorders.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Hookup Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some women and feminists may claim that hookup culture is good because it frees them from chains of having relationships. However, most women with hookup experience later regret it because they feel disempowered by the sexual encounters (Armstrong, Laura and Pula 2010). Why Hookup is more Common Now than Ever Hookups are more common nowadays than ever because majority of young people do not want to commit themselves to serious relationships. This is because they invest a lot of their time in career development. Therefore, they engage in hookups because they fear contracting STDs and earlier pregnancies. This is because hookups help them to get sexual pleasures while reducing its physical and emotional risks (Armstrong, Laura and Pula 2010). Nowadays, young people especially college students value friendship more than romance and oral sex than intercourse because of its relative safety. Young People Hooking-up Causes a Moral Panic No matter how appealing casual sex may be to some young people, it is unethical and impacts on their lives negatively. Hookups encourage moral decadence e.g. a girl stripping in front of boys. It introduces young people to sex at earlier ages in a casual context. Furthermore, it erodes sexual feelings and sensation which leads to low self-esteem hence a moral panic. Is Sexual Interaction within Relationships Preferable to Hook-ups? Sexual interaction in relationships is preferable to hookups. It brings more satisfaction and real physical and emotional pleasure. Women orgasm more often and experience high levels of satisfaction than in hookups. This happens because sex in relationships employs sexual activities that are conducive for partner orgasm and satisfaction. For instance, research conducted by England’s team revealed that men get more concerned with the orgasm of their girlfriends than hookup partners where as women seem interested in pleasing their boyfriends and hookup partners.Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sexual Double Standard between Men and Women when it comes to Hooking up Yes. Sexual double standard exists in hookups and it ruins women’s hookup experiences. Men enjoy the privileges of gender superiority or chauvinism when it comes to hookups. For instance, men can lie with as many women as they could and this adds to their prestige and manhood. On the contrary, a woman who sleeps with many men becomes a â€Å"ho† and she is considered unequal with other women. S he is disrespected and stigmatized by the fact that women should not practice sex outside relationships. Sexual double standard affects women in hookups. This is the main reason they still tolerate greedy and abusive relationships (Armstrong, Laura and Pula 2010). Relationship between Hookup Culture and Same-Sex Relationship Hookup culture relate to same-sex relationship because it involves sexual stimulation between partners of the same-sex. The partners experience sexual pressures that they would feel if they had real sexual intercourse. Sex in this case does not serve its intended purpose but rather serves as a tool for sexual pleasure without emotional commitment. Furthermore, hookup culture described in this article involves socializing before and after hookup that also exist in same-sex relationships (Armstrong, Laura and Pula 2010). Work cited Armstrong, Elizabeth, Hamilton Laura and Pula England. â€Å" Is Hooking-up Bad for Young Women.† Contexts. American Sociologic al Association. Summer 2010. Web. n.d. This essay on Hookup Culture was written and submitted by user Maginty to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Story in Spanish About the Poinsettia

Story in Spanish About the Poinsettia Improve your Spanish this holiday season with this story about the poinsettia, the rare U.S holiday tradition that originated south of the border.   La flor de Nochebuena Durante la temporada navideà ±a, la flor de Nochebuena es muy popular en Estados Unidos. Pero muchos no saben que la flor es originaria de Mà ©xico. En espaà ±ol, la flor tiene muchos nombres como la flor de Nochebuena, la flor de Pascua, la flor de fuego, la estrella de Navidad y la corona de los Andes. Los indà ­genas mexicanos la llamaban cuetlazochitl, que significa la flor de pà ©talos resistentes como el cuero. Para los aztecas, la flor roja era sà ­mbolo de la sangre de los sacrificios que ofrendaban al sol. En los EEUU, la flor es conocida como la poinsettia en honor de Joel Poinsett, botnico y el primer embajador estadounidense a Mà ©xico. En Mà ©xico hay una leyenda sobre la flor. Se dice que habà ­a una nià ±a muy pobre que lloraba porque no tenà ­a regalo para dar al nià ±ito Jesà ºs en el altar de su iglesia. Un ngel escuchà ³ sus oraciones, y le dijo que cortara las ramas de algunas plantas cerca del camino. Cuando llegà ³ la nià ±a al altar, al contacto con sus lgrimas, de las ramas brotaron bellas flores rojas y resplandecientes. Eran las primeras flores de Nochebuena. Ya tenà ­a regalo adecuado para el nià ±ito Jesà ºs. Translation With Grammar and Vocabulary Notes Durante la temporada navideà ±a,During the Christmas season, Navideà ±o  is the adjectival form of  Navidad, the word for Christmas. The  feminine form  is used here  because  temporada  is feminine. la flor de Nochebuena es muy popular en Estados Unidos.the poinsettia is very popular in the United States. Nochebuena, a combination of  noche  (night) and  buena  (good) is the word used for Christmas Eve. Although the phrase  flor de Nochebuena  could be translated literally as Christmas Eve flower, doing so would not be as clear here as using the English name of the flower. Pero  muchos  no  saben  que la flor es originaria de Mà ©xico.But many dont know the flower is originally from Mexico. The phrase  ser originario de  is frequently used to indicate where something originates. Note that  originario  (or the feminine form,  originaria,  in the original sentence here) is an adjective, not an adverb as in the English translation. Note also that the word  que  is left untranslated in English. In this case, it could have been translated as that, a word often omitted in English. But in Spanish,  que  is essential. En espaà ±ol, la flor tiene muchos nombresIn Spanish, the flower has many names como la flor de Navidad, la flor de Pascua, la flor de fuego, la estrella de Navidad y la corona de los Andes.such as the Christmas flower, the  Pascua  flower, the fire flower, the Christmas star and the crown of the Andes. The word  Pascua  originally referred to the Jewish Passover. In Christianity, it came later to refer to Easter, whose timing is theologically connected with Passover. Los indà ­genas mexicanos la llamaban  cuetlazochitl,The natives of Mexico called it  cuetlazochitl, Indà ­gena, meaning an indigenous person, is one of those unusual words that end in  -a  in both masculine and feminine forms. In the above sentence,  la  is used to mean it because it refers to a feminine noun,  la flor. If the reference had been to a masculine noun,  lo  would have been used. que significa la flor de pà ©talos resistentes como el cuero.which means the flower with petals tough like leather. Note that in Spanish, the period comes outside the  quotation marks, the opposite of what is done in U.S. English. Note also that the  de  in the definition is translated as with, even though  de  typically is translated as of. This provides a more natural translation. Para los aztecas, la flor roja era sà ­mbolo del sangre de los sacrificios que ofrendaban al Sol.For the Aztecs, the red flower was a symbol of the blood of the sacrifices they offered to the sun. The verbs in this sentence are in the  imperfect tense, as is usually the case with verbs that refer to events or repeated actions that occur over a long period of time. En los EEUU, la flor es conocida como la  poinsettia  en honor de Joel Poinsett, botnico y el primer embajador estadounidense a Mà ©xico.In the U.S., the flower is known as the poinsettia in honor of Joel Poinsett, a botanist and first U.S. ambassador to Mexico. EEUU  is the abbreviation for  Estados Unidos. See how the letters are doubled as is often done in an  abbreviation of a plural noun. En Mà ©xico hay una leyenda sobre la flor.In Mexico there is a legend about the flower. Hay  is a form of  haber  that is very commonly used to mean there is. The past tense, as in the following sentence, is  habà ­a. Se dice que habà ­a una nià ±a muy pobreIt is said that there was a very poor girl Se  dice, a  reflexive  form of  decir, is a common way of saying it is said or they say. que lloraba porque no tenà ­a regalo para dar al nià ±ito Jesà ºs en el altar de su iglesia.who cried because she didnt have a gift to give to the baby Jesus on the altar of her church. Nià ±ito  is a  diminutive  form of  nià ±o, a word for boy. Un ngel escuchà ³ sus oraciones, y le dijo que cortara las ramas de algunas plantas cerca del camino.An angel heard her prayers and told her to cut the branches of the plants near the path. The verb  cortara  is in the  imperfect subjunctive  form, because the  subjunctive  form typically is used with  commands and requests  that follow  que. The  le  in this sentence is an  indirect object pronoun; to cut the branches is what the angel said, but the girl is whom the angel told it to. Cuando llegà ³ la nià ±a al altar, al contacto con sus lgrimas, de las ramas brotaron bellas flores rojas y resplandecientes.When the girl arrived at the altar, upon contact with her tears beautiful and brilliant red flowers came forth from the branches. Use of  al  followed by an noun, seen here in the phrase  al contacto, is a common way of saying in Spanish that something occurs as the result of another event. Also note how the word order in this sentence is different than what it would be in English. Eran las primeras flores de Nochebuena.These were the first poinsettias. The translation of They were ... also could have been used. As the  subject is often omitted  in Spanish sentences, you can let context determine the smoothest translation. Ya tenà ­a regalo adecuado para el nià ±ito Jesà ºs.Now she had a suitable gift for the baby Jesus. Ya  is a very common adjective whose translation varies widely depending on the context. The adjective  adecuado  is obviously related to the English adequate (making it a  cognate) but doesnt have the same connotation.

The relations of Turkey with the European Union Essay

The relations of Turkey with the European Union - Essay Example The union had many requirements for the membership candidacy acceptance. In December 1999 however, the EU dropped its preconditions, the reasons of which were several. Associated through its Ottoman past to the Balkans, at the edge of Central Asia, and adjoining the Middle East oil fields, Turkey was deemed a very significant participant on the international stage with huge potential to play a stabilizing role in a turbulent region; it could not be ignored. The post 9-11 era poses critical implications in the world politics today. Any plotted course of such decision making is prone to have a long lasting impact, not only on the concerned countries, but also on every affected party. In this case, the Turkey-EU relations, as well as their future nature of this relationship, not only affect them, but also EU’s relations with its neighboring Muslim countries. It took 3 decades until Turkey became a legitimate candidate country for an absolute membership in the EU. This research pr oposal tends to closely examine if Turkey should join the EU, and comprehensively discusses the potential resulting implications arising from whether or not Turkey joins it. A comprehensive review of literature has been conducted to study different theories and perspectives from different directly concerned parties, stakeholders, and various analysts who have evaluated Turkey’s standing from different angles. Further on, the proposal outlines our research objectives for this paper, discusses the research methodology to be employed, as well as highlight the ethical issues and limitations we’re prone to come across. Research Questions: The primary objective of this section is to construct a succinct discussion, and with all the pros and cons of the resulting impact, be able to reach an answer to the following research questions: Should Turkey join the EU? What advantage would Turkey gain from attaining accession to the EU? What advantage would EU gain from Turkish access ion? What are the negative implications if Turkey joins EU? Literature Review/Background According to Van Herpen (2004) Turkey has been a significant geopolitical participant on the European stage for more than six centuries. Initially it was deemed as a threat, in response to which Luther inscribed his pamphlet ‘On War against the Turk’. But with due evolution, for the past 5 decades, Turkey has been a close ally to Europe in the NATO. Even though Turkey is an Islamic country, however, the Islam followed over there is not only identified as moderate and accepting, but is also barred from the public sphere. A decade ago, Rouleau (2000, p. 100) was of the view that Turkey stands at a crossroads; the ‘accession partnership document’ that it presented to the EU is a roadmap for the extensive political and economic reforms Turkey needs to endorse if it intends on joining the EU. However, according to the so-called Copenhagen regulations, certain guidelines were to be followed by all EU membership candidates including Turkey, which basically revolved around establishing ‘Western-style democratic institutions guaranteeing rule of law, individual rights, and minority rights’. Turkey, however, even after 10 months of the issuance of these norms,