Efficacy Of Dynamic Splinting Health And Social Care Essay

Adequacy Of Dynamic Splinting Health And Social Care Essay The technique has demonstrated to both solid and strong. An effective absolute knee substitution permits patient to continue practically all exercises of day by day living with insignificant trouble. By and large patients no longer require outer guides or ceaseless prescriptions. At last absolute knee substitution encourages patients to keep up their general confidence. All out knee substitution is shown when there is unremitting extreme agony in the knee with or without disfigurement. The torment/distortion might be because of osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid joint inflammation and different vague joint inflammation. It alleviates torment, gives versatility and right distortion. Complete knee substitution is a surgery wherein harmed or harmed portions of the knee joint are supplanted with fake parts. The system is performed by seperating the muscles and tendons around the knee to uncover the knee case. The knee container is opened, uncovered within the joint. The finish of the femur and tibial are evacuated. The counterfeit parts are solidified into place. The knee will comprise of metal shell toward the finish of the femur, a metal and plastic trough on the tibia and if necessary a plastic catch in the top. In a manner this could be all the more properly called a Knee reemerging activity. The regular pathology for all out knee substitution is knee flexion contracture. DEFINITION: Flexion contracture is characterized as the shortening of the connective tissue in this manner hardening the joint. It is because of fixing of the back container joined with the fixing of biceps femoris and security tendons. Thus recovery program ought to be attempted not long after TKA to keep up joint scope of movement. Specifically this investigation analyzed the estimation of dynamic supporting in expanding scope of movement and diminishing the flexion contracture. Dynamic bracing uses the biomechanical adjustment of keeping the joint at end-range to accomplish a physiological difference in atomic realignment to stretch the connective tissue. This convention of low-load, delayed span stretch with dynamic strain consistently decreases the contracture. Life structures OF KNEE JOINT: The knee joint is the biggest and most complex joint in the body. It is synovial altered pivot joint. It is framed by combination and average tibio-femoral and patella-femoral joint. ARTICULAR SURFACES: It is contained the Femoral condyles: distal finish of femur Tibial condyles : proximal finish of tibia. Patellar facetes : back surface of patella. Femoral condyles: The articular surfaces of femur are pulley formed. The femoral condyles are raised in the two planes. They are broadened interiorly by the pulley molded patellar surfaces. The neck of the pulley is spoken to anteriorly by the focal score on the patellar surface and posteriorly by the intercondylar indent. 111 Tibial condyle: The tibial surfaces are equally bended and involves two bended and inward equal drains which are isolated by an unpolished greatness running antero-posteriorly distinction holds up the two intercondylar tubercles. Tibio-femoral joints: The tibial condyles compare to the femoral condyles while the entomb condylar tibial tubercles come to inside the femoral intercondylar score, these surfaces establish practically the tibio-femoral joint. Femero-patellar joints: The features of patella compare to the patellar surface of the femur while the vertical edge of the patella fits into the focal score of the femur. Tendons OF KNEE JOINT: Average security tendon: It is leveled band rhomboidal in outine. It is connected above to the average epicondyle of femur, underneath to the average edge and the abutting average surface of tibia. Capacity: control valgus pivot Sidelong security tendon: Capacity: control varus pivot and oppose interior revolution kneeanat Front cruciate tendon: It is connected underneath to the front piece of the intercondylar zone of tibia between the foremost finishes of horizontal and average semilunar ligaments. Above it is joined to the back piece of the average surface of horizontal femoral condyle. Capacity: To oppose foremost dislodging of the tibia on the femur when the knee is flexed To oppose varus or valgus turn of the tibia, particularly without the insurance tendons Opposes interior pivot of the tibia. Back cruciate tendon: It is appended underneath to the back piece of intercondylar zone of tibia, back to the connection of back finish of average semilunar ligament. Above it is connected to the front piece of sidelong surface of the average condyle of femur. Capacity: To permit femoral rollback in flexion Oppose back interpretation of the tibia comparative with the femur Controls outer turn of the tibia with expanding knee flexion. Maintenance of the PCL in absolute knee substitution has been indicated biomechanically to give ordinary kinematic rollback of the femur on the tibia. This likewise is significant for improving the switch arm of the quadriceps instrument with flexion of the knee. MUSCLES OF KNEE JOINT: Quadriceps femoris Popliteus Semitendinosus Semimembranous Sartorius Biceps femoris Gastrocnemius Plantaris BURSAE AROUND THE KNEE JOINT: Anteriorly: The suprapatellar bursa The prepatellar bursa Shallow intrapatellar bursa Profound infrapatellar bursa Along the side: A bursa between horizontal guarantee tendon and biceps ligament A bursa between horizontal guarantee tendon and popliteus ligament Popliteus bursa lies between the popliteus and horizontal condyle of femur. Medially: The tibial bury tendinous bursa( pes anserine bursa) A bursa between average insurance tendon and semimembranous ligament A bursa between semimembranous ligament and tibia. Posteriorly: A bursa between horizontal head of gastrocnemius and container. Semimembranous bursa(brodies bursa) NERVE SUPPLY: Femoral nerve Sciatic nerve Obturator nerve BLOOD SUPPLY: The blood vessel flexibly to knee joint, is from the parts of Popliteal corridor Femoral corridor Tibial corridor TIBIO-FEMORAL ARTHROKINEMATICS: Seen in the sagittal plane, the femurs articulating surface is raised while the tibias in curved. We can foresee arthrokinematics dependent on the principles of concavity and convexity: During Knee Extension During Knee Flexion Open Chain Shut Chain Open Chain Shut Chain Tibia Glides Anteriorly On Femur Femur Glides Posteriorly On Tibia Tibia Glides Posteriorly On Femur Femur Glides Anteriorly On Tibia from 20o knee flexion to full expansion from full knee expansion to 20o flexion Tibia pivots remotely Femur pivots inside on stable tibia Tibia pivots inside Femur pivots remotely on stable tibia THE SCREW-HOME MECHANISM: Pivot between the tibia and femur happens naturally between full augmentation (0o) and 20o of knee flexion. These figures represent the highest point of the privilege tibial level as we look down on it during knee movement. top of tibial level top of tibial level top of tibial level During Knee Extension, the tibia floats anteriorly on the femur. During the last 20 degrees of knee augmentation, foremost tibial coast endures on the tibias average condyle since its articular surface is longer in that measurement than the parallel condyles. Delayed front float on the average side produces outer tibial revolution, the screw-home system. THE SCREW-HOME MECHANISM REVERSES DURING KNEE FLEXION top of tibial level top of tibial level top of tibial level At the point when the knee starts to flex from a place of full augmentation, back tibial coast starts first on the more extended average condyle. Between 0 deg. augmentation and 20 deg. of flexion, back coast on the average side produces relative tibial inside pivot, an inversion of the screw-home component. Complete KNEE REPLACEMENT Complete knee substitution is shown when there is unremitting serious agony in the knee with or without distortion. The torment/disfigurement may e because of osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid joint pain and different vague joint pain. It mitigates torment, gives portability and right deformation. All out knee substitution is a surgery where harmed or harmed portions of the knee joint are supplanted with counterfeit parts. The methodology is performed by seperating the muscles and tendons around the knee to uncover the knee container. The knee container is opened, uncovered within the joint. The finish of the femur and tibial are evacuated. The counterfeit parts are established into place. The knee will comprise of metal shell toward the finish of the femur, a metal and plastic trough on the tibia and if necessary a plastic catch in the top. In a manner this could be all the more suitably called a Knee reemerging activity. E:New FolderNAGU PROJECTimAGESTotal-Knee-Replacement.jpg The all out knee substitution can be: Unicompartmental arthroplasty: The Articular surface of femur and tibia, either the average or parallel compartment of the knee are supplanted by an embed. Eg: osteoathritis. Bicomprtmental arthroplasty: In bicompartmental arthroplasty, the articular surface of tibia and femur of both average and parallel compartments of the knee joints are supplanted by an embed. The third compartment i.e.., the patellofemoral joint is anyway left flawless. Tricomprtmental arthroplasty: the articular surface of the lower femur, upper tibia and patella are supplanted by prosthesis. Most usually performed arthroplsty. The prosthesis comprises of a tibial segment, a metal femoral part and a high atomic weight polyethylene button for articular surface of the patella. TKA GOALS Reestablish mechanical arrangement [neutral tibiofemoral arrangement = 4â °-6â ° of anatomic valgus], Even joint line, Delicate tissue balance (tendon), (Patella following (Q-point) Sign Oteoarthritis Rheumatoid joint inflammation Hemophilic joint inflammation Awful joint pain Sero negative arthrides Precious stone statement infection Pigmented villonoular sy

Corporate governance and the role of executive incentives Essay

Corporate administration and the job of official motivators - Essay Example The paper looks to decide the job and adequacy of official motivating forces in corporate administration drive of an association and makes the determinations from different research discoveries to grapple the comprehension of the idea. Incorporation of genuine cases helps the use of hypotheses in down to earth sense. Isolating administration and possession is one issue that has consistently presented genuine difficulties for corporate type of an association. The central issue of irreconcilable circumstance where directors concentrating on close to home increases neglecting shareholder’s intrigue gets serious in approximately represented association. Corporate administration is an apparatus which means to adjust the enthusiasm all things considered and partners in the association and gives a key bearing to the presentation and control works by guaranteeing request and dynamic procedure are done viably. In such manner, territories where the greater part of the contentions emerge inside an association are identified with enrollment and remuneration of CEOs and top level administration. In view of the above clashes a nitty gritty hypothesis has been created which is known as Agency-hypothesis (Jensen and Meckling 1976). The hypothesis portrays different sorts of costs which are brought about attributable to the distinctive kind of contentions between investors, administrators and obligation proprietors. Organization cost is characterized as the aggregate of observing cost, holding expenses and lingering misfortune. Other two sorts of expenses are office cost of value and office expenses of obligation where previous emerge because of irreconcilable situation among directors and investors while last emerges because of contention among investors and obligation holders. Corporate administration is a framework that gets more straightforwardness and control the association. The methodology includes setting accountabilities and connecting management’s remuneration with shareholder’s esteem. There are numerous components that can be applied to

How to Use Your Anger to Make a Difference

How to Use Your Anger to Make a Difference I grew up thinking anger was bad. If I ever got angry, my parents would send me to my room and close the door, instructing me not to  come out until I had calmed down. I fairly quickly learned not to express my anger directly. As an adult, I found myself getting angry easily at little things. I would yell at tech support people, but never at people I actually cared about. Sometimes I would express my rage in dreams, waking up feeling somehow cleansed. I often  doubted my sanity because I felt angry so much of the time but did not know how to use it to any advantage. Productive Anger In more recent years, I have learned to express my anger more productively, and my previously pent up anger does not have much power. I’m discovering  that most people can handle it when I express my anger to them! Not a single one  of them has “sent me to my room.” In fact, many people take action when I express my anger that they might not have taken otherwise. They actually want to satisfy me! Anger can be fuel for a project or a cause. It can lead to career and business success. It can be channeled into creative endeavors or physical challenges. And it can make a difference in relationships. Anger Can Equal Caring This week, I expressed my anger to a friend over the way he was not fighting for himself, and he had a huge revelation about his life and how he can choose a different way of acting and being. I’ve heard it said that anger means you care. We are so quick to express anger to a child who starts crossing the street dangerously â€" we want to protect that child. But we often hold back when an adult is heading down a destructive path. A scene in the movie Good Will Hunting epitomizes the use of anger to take a stand and make a difference for someone you care about when the person is not fulfilling his or her potential: This is how I want to be with the people in my life. I want to care so much that I will threaten harm if they do not live big. I want to care so much that I order them to get their lives moving in the right direction, even if it’s at my own expense. Who do you know who could be doing more with their lives? Their creativity? Their relationships? Their careers? Are you willing to step up and fight for them so they are inspired to fight for themselves? I hope Ben Affleck gives you the kick in the butt you need.

How to Use Your Anger to Make a Difference

How to Use Your Anger to Make a Difference I grew up thinking anger was bad. If I ever got angry, my parents would send me to my room and close the door, instructing me not to  come out until I had calmed down. I fairly quickly learned not to express my anger directly. As an adult, I found myself getting angry easily at little things. I would yell at tech support people, but never at people I actually cared about. Sometimes I would express my rage in dreams, waking up feeling somehow cleansed. I often  doubted my sanity because I felt angry so much of the time but did not know how to use it to any advantage. Productive Anger In more recent years, I have learned to express my anger more productively, and my previously pent up anger does not have much power. I’m discovering  that most people can handle it when I express my anger to them! Not a single one  of them has “sent me to my room.” In fact, many people take action when I express my anger that they might not have taken otherwise. They actually want to satisfy me! Anger can be fuel for a project or a cause. It can lead to career and business success. It can be channeled into creative endeavors or physical challenges. And it can make a difference in relationships. Anger Can Equal Caring This week, I expressed my anger to a friend over the way he was not fighting for himself, and he had a huge revelation about his life and how he can choose a different way of acting and being. I’ve heard it said that anger means you care. We are so quick to express anger to a child who starts crossing the street dangerously â€" we want to protect that child. But we often hold back when an adult is heading down a destructive path. A scene in the movie Good Will Hunting epitomizes the use of anger to take a stand and make a difference for someone you care about when the person is not fulfilling his or her potential: This is how I want to be with the people in my life. I want to care so much that I will threaten harm if they do not live big. I want to care so much that I order them to get their lives moving in the right direction, even if it’s at my own expense. Who do you know who could be doing more with their lives? Their creativity? Their relationships? Their careers? Are you willing to step up and fight for them so they are inspired to fight for themselves? I hope Ben Affleck gives you the kick in the butt you need.

The Narrative Techniques Used by Hitchcock in Rear Window...

The Narrative Techniques Used by Hitchcock in Rear Window L.B. Jeffries is a high-class magazine photographer for what seems to be a worldwide publication. In Alfred Hitchcocks Rear Window, he is a temporarily wheelchair-bound man and his voyeuristic side appears later on in the film. Rear Window depicts a 20th century New York in which fraudsters, murderers and salesmen all live alongside each other. The story describes a man who broke his leg during a photography assignment. He is, for the time being, stuck in a wheelchair with nothing to do but look at the neighbours through his Rear Window. He hasnt seen the light of day since seven weeks ago. Rear Window is one of Alfred†¦show more content†¦This also shows that it is the start of the story. The window fills the whole frame of the shot. This is a good way of setting the scene for the viewers. Old-style joyous jazz music is played at the start - a good way of portraying happy times. The opening scene in Rear Window has no dialogue, leaving even more of the viewers in a pool of anticipation. The scene highlights the fact that every single thing in the film will be seen through that particular window. Alfred Hitchcocks Rear Window is a great example of first-rate camerawork. The camera is used as the narrator and probably plays the biggest role within the film. At the start of the film, the camera is used to pan around every single apartment within the inner city New York apartment block to introduce the characters. Although the characters do not speak, they still play a major role in the film. Alfred Hitchcock puts the viewers in the position of L.B Jeffries, making us all voyeurs. The camera is used to tell the story, as there is very little dialogue in the film. Throughout nearly all of the film, only one shot is used to tell the story, there are very few cuts. By doing it this way, Hitchcock is showing us exactly what the character is seeing. The cast of Rear Window includes Jimmy Stewart, the lovely Grace Kelly, Thelma Ritter, andShow MoreRelatedMovie Review : Rear Window1227 Words   |  5 Pagesof his works dwell considerably on voyeurism, Hitchcock’s 1954 film Rear Window addresses it most directly. Not only does the film comment explicitly on ‘rear window ethics’, it also forces audiences to identify with the characters who violate them. No character in Rear Window is morally clean, and through several cinematic techniques, Hitchcock compels viewers to sympathize with nearly all of them. More than anything, Rear Window is a film about the audience’s complicity with ethically imperfectRead More Alfred Hitchcocks Rear Window Essay1050 Words   |  5 PagesAlfred Hitchcocks Rear Window In Rear Window, Alfred Hitchcock took a plot-driven short story and transformed it into a character-driven movie. Although differences must exist between text and film, because of the limitations and advantages of the different media, Hitchcock has done more than translate a word-based story into a visual movie. Aside from adding enough details to fill a two-hour movie, Hitchcock has done much to change the perspective of the story, as well as the mainRead MoreModern Voyeurism1122 Words   |  5 Pagesseen as a modern interpretation of Hitchcock’s Rear Window. It’s a movie about a grounded teenager who starts spying on his neighbours out of boredom. After making a brief comparison between these two movies, I will mainly focus on the Male Gaze; how the protagonist, Kale Brecht, spends his days spying his new neighbour Ashley, a girl who just moved in the neighbourhood and becomes the object of desire of Kale. Voyeurism is the main theme in Rear Window as well as in Disturbia, the spectator looksRead More Alfred Hitchcock’s Rear Window Essay1177 Words   |  5 PagesHitchcock’s Rear Window In Alfred Hitchcock’s Rear Window, L.B. Jeffries, played by Jimmy Stewart, becomes completely obsessed with spending all of his waking hours watching his neighbors from his wheelchair. He even uses a camera to better his view and thus enhances his role as both a spectator and a voyeur. This contributes to the creation of a movie being played right outside Jeffries’ window. In this â€Å"movie within the movie† his neighbors’ lives become the subject for the plot. Each window representsRead MoreEssay on Voyeurism in Rear Window1917 Words   |  8 PagesVOYEURISM IN REAR WINDOW In this essay, I shall try to illustrate whether analysing the movie Rear Window as a classical example of the Freudian concept of voyeurism, is appropriate. Voyeurism is defined in The Penguin dictionary of psychology as: Voyeurism: characterized by a pattern of sexual behaviour in which ones preferred means of sexual arousal is the clandestine observing of others when they are disrobing, nude or actually engaged in sexual activity. Arousal is dependent upon theRead MoreVoyeurism In Rear Window1767 Words   |  8 PagesHitchcock began his career in the early 1920s as a silent filmmaker, and rose to fame after his first successful silent thriller, The Lodger: A Story of the London Fog (1927). As sound technology progressed and became more accessible to filmmakers and movie theaters, Hitchcock began to work in sound. However, for the remainder of his career, Hitchcock was profoundly influenced by what he called ‘pure cinema’. This idea represents the film medium and its affective and expressive capabilities, unconstrainedRead MoreEssay on Voyeurism: A Freudian Concept Analysed in a Movie1757 Words   |  8 PagesIn this essay, I shall try to illustrate whether analysing the movie Rear Win dow as a classical example of the Freudian concept of voyeurism, is appropriate. Voyeurism is defined in The Penguin dictionary of psychology as: â€Å"Voyeurism: characterized by a pattern of sexual behaviour in which one’s preferred means of sexual arousal is the clandestine observing of others when they are disrobing, nude or actually engaged in sexual activity. Arousal is dependent upon the observed person(s) not being awareRead More Alfred Hitchcocks Movie, Psycho and its Impact on the Film Industry2879 Words   |  12 Pagesthe shower. As a result, Hitchcock had to fight to make the film as close to his vision as possible and find ways to work around censorship laws. When the censors demanded he re-edit the shower scene on account of a fleeting glimpse of Janet Leighs breast, Hitchcock simply sent back the original cut on the (correct) assumption that they either would not re-screen it or would fail to see the barely noticeable nudity the second time around (Rebello 146). As well, Hitchcock reportedly shot the filmRead MoreThe Development Of The Horror Genre Throughout The Years1758 Words   |  8 PagesBoth ho rror and science fiction explore the boundaries of what is means to be human (Belton, 272). This is done by emphasizing the dilemmas of the figures who straddle the border of human and non-human (Belton, 273). Horror and Sci-fi contain narratives that take on a form of a search for knowledge that will enable the human race to overcome any obstacle that involves a supernatural force (Belton, 273); the story lines require a search or journey to resolve the issue. Horror and Sci-fi often overlapRead MoreThe Beginnings Of Cinema United States1931 Words   |  8 PagesThomas Alva Edison, whose company was also the producer of the short films. Fatherhood American fiction cinema is often attributed to Edwin S. Porter, who in 1903 used an innovative technique mount 8 - minute film Assault and robbery of a train by which different fragments from different shots of the same film was together to form a narrative whole. This work became film in a very popular art form, and led to nationwide sc reening rooms appear small, so -called nickelodeones. David Wark Griffith, a disciple

The Behavior Modification Helps A Child With Separation...

Introduction ABA offers many techniques to help people overcome and/or deal with everyday activities such as helping someone to quit smoking, help with building relationships, personality disorders and the ability to express one’s self. ABA when applied to children will address the child’s life in areas that include; social skills, cognitive skills, self-help, play and motor skills, and behavioral needs. ABA in the workplace can be used to increase desired behaviors and decrease undesired behaviors through use of positive and negative reinforcements. In the Case of Emily and that of Mr. Smith I will attempt to go over how Behavior modification can help a child with Separation anxiety behaviors and a company owner having difficulties with†¦show more content†¦Separation Anxiety can be defined as crying, clinging, tantruming, complaining when having to separate from parent(s); sleep difficulties and refusal of going to school. A commonly used diagnostic interview for the assessment of SAD is the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders-Revised (SCARED-R). The SCARED-R contains 66-items measuring all DSM-IV anxiety disorders occurring in children and adolescents, including 8-items assessing SAD specifically (Ehrenreich, Santucci, Weiner, 2009). Children exhibiting SAD symptoms become significantly distressed when separated from their home or attachment figure (usually a parent) and will often take measures to avoid separation. This fear is exhibited through disproportionate and persistent worry about separation, including apprehension about harm befalling a parent or the child when they are not together, as well as fear that the parent will leave and never return. Avoidance behaviors commonly associated with SAD include clinging to parents, crying or tantruming, and refusal to participate in activities that require separation (e.g., play dates, camp, sleepovers). (Ehrenreich, Santucci, Weiner, 2009). Inadvertent reinforcement is unintentional act of rewarding a bad behavior. In Emily’s case her parents may have inadvertently reinforced Emily s

Mass Incarceration The Color Of Justice Essay - 1352 Words

Mass Incarceration: The Color of Justice (DRAFT) Racial discrimination in the United States has been a radical issue plaguing African Americans from as early as slavery to the more liberal society we see today. Slavery is one of the oldest forms of oppression against African Americans. Slaves were brought in from Africa at increasingly high numbers to do the so-called dirty work or manual labor of their white owners. Many years later, after the abolishment of slavery came the Jim Crow era. In the 1880s, acts known as the Jim Crow laws were enacted by Southern states to keep oppression of African Americans alive. These laws helped to legalize segregation between blacks and whites. Slavery and Jim Crow were created to regulate how African Americans functioned in society. Slaves were refused the right to vote, refused citizenship, refused education, and labeled as incompetent as a way for whites to keep what Author Michelle Alexander of the book The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness calls â€Å"social cont rol†. Alexander argues that mass incarceration is the new modern â€Å"racial caste system† of social control. She further goes on to claim that this new system of mass incarceration has replaced the old social systems that were used to oppress African Americans such as slavery and Jim Crow. The system of mass incarceration fueled by the War on Drugs was established as a form of racial control. This new system puts people of color into an endless cycle ofShow MoreRelatedThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1199 Words   |  5 PagesImagine if someone was able to change others perceptions on the American criminal justice system? Michelle Alexander was able to accomplish that by altering some people s entire perception on the American criminal justice system by focusing on our most pressing civil right issues of our time for some of those who did read her book The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration In The Age of Colorblindness. Michelle Alexander stated that The most despi sed in America is not gays, transgenders, nor even illegalRead MoreMass Incarceration In Michelle Alexanders The New Jim Crow Laws1083 Words   |  5 Pagesargued that today’s mass incarceration is the new Jim Crow. Michelle Alexander, an associate professor of law at Ohio State University, outlines her argument for how she came to see the United States legal system as a system of racialized social control in her book The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. She argues that mass incarceration is a type of racial caste system similar to Jim Crow, the â€Å"war on drugs† is the greatest contribution to mass incarceration, and much of theRead MoreIs The Mass Incarceration Of Blacks The New Jim Crow?1540 Words   |  7 PagesIs the Mass Incarceration of Blacks the new Jim Crow? American has a legacy of the mistreatment and disenfranchisement of African Americans. The same bad treatment that many think only took place in the past is in fact still intact, it’s just presented in a new way. The mass incarceration of blacks in the Unites States can be attributed to the â€Å"racial hierarchy† that has always existed. The U.S contributes to about 5% of the worlds overall population, and about 25% of the worlds prison populationRead MoreMass Incarceration Is Defined As The Substantial Increase1072 Words   |  5 PagesMass incarceration is defined as the substantial increase in the number of Americans, particularly men of color, imprisoned within the last forty years. Despite its intentions to serve justice, the system is flawed; the physical freedom, possessions, and educational/career opportunities for inmates are limited during and after imprisonment. Lockeian ideology provides insight into how our criminal justice system has come to operate in this way. In John Locke’s Second Treatise of Government, LockeRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration819 Words   |  4 PagesIn her book The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness (2012), Michelle Alexander empathizes on the issues of the complex of criminal justice systems which has a significant impact on people of color as The New Jim Crow. She also attaches significant to the racial dimensions of the â€Å"War on Drugs† because the convictions for drug offenses are only the most important cause of the explosion in incarceration rates in the United States. This argues that federal drug policy inequityRead MoreBeverly Daniel Tatum Describes Racism As A System Of Advantage1485 Words   |  6 Pagesvarious ways. In other words, blacks are considered less intelligent than whites. The incarceration rates have grown tremendously since the last time someone can remember. The largest jailer in the world is the United States. Philadelphia, however, has the nation’s highest incarceration rates. Surprisingly, 60% of them are still awaiting trial but 72% of them are black. Research has show’s that mass incarceration rates goes hand in hand with segregated cities. In â€Å"The City: Prison’s Grip on BlackRead MoreMichelle Alexander Mass Incarceration1601 Words   |  7 Pagesand legal scholar. In recent years, she has taught at a number of universities, including Stanford Law School, where she was an associate professor of law and directed the Civil Rights Clinics. Alexander published the book  The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. In it, she argues that systemic racial discrimination in the  United States  has resumed following the  Civil Rights Movements gains; the resumption is embedded in the US  War on Drugs  and other governmental policiesRead More The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, by Michelle Alexander1182 Words   |  5 PagesThe New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness is a book by Michelle Alexander, a civil rights litigator and legal scholar. The book discusses race-related issues specific to African-American males and mass inca rceration in the United States. Michelle Alexander (2010) argues that despite the old Jim Crow is death, does not necessarily means the end of racial caste (p.21). In her book â€Å"The New Jim Crow†, Alexander describes a set of practices and social discourses that serve toRead MoreThe New Jim Crow Review600 Words   |  3 Pages The New Jim Crow Review I agree with Michelle Alexander on her view of mass incarceration, as well as the new racial caste system that has evolved in the United States. She states that, â€Å"we have not ended racial caste in America, we have merely redesigned it†. After reading her book The New Jim Crow, her point of view on the age of colorblindness is extremely bold. Over time, it has developed into many forms. The racial systems have evolved from exploitation, to subordination, to marginalizationRead MoreAnalysis Of The Oresteia Trilogy762 Words   |  4 Pagespebble that represents the â€Å"guilt† (Aeschylus 21) of Orestes and a white pebble that represents the innocence of Orestes. In literature it is historically noted that the color black is used to symbolize evil or death, whereas, the color white is historically symbolized as purity, goodness, and life. The systemic colorism of people of color, particularly the Black body, continues to be prevalent not only in literature, but in m odern American history and political system. In early August of 2017, a protest

The Wiz Essay Research Paper In this free essay sample

The Wiz Essay, Research Paper In this really updated version of the well beloved kids s classic The Wizard of Oz, film spectators are transported to a universe of music, orderly particular effects, dazzling costumes, and a antic retelling of the narrative of the fantastic ace of Oz. The Wiz is one of the best African American musicals of all time made because it has a great dramatis personae of histrions and actresses, it has hidden symbolism that relates to African American life, and the pick of music adds power to its message. This musical depicts the battle of black life through vocal and beat, two facets of African American civilization. It is a remaking of The Wizard of Oz with the same narrative, same characters, and an added turn of psyche. The dramatis personae of The Wiz is composed of many gifted people. Legendary psyche mega star Diana Ross plays the 34-year old kindergarten teacher better known as Dorothy. We will write a custom essay sample on The Wiz Essay Research Paper In this or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Diana Ross is known for her many vocals every bit good as her calling as the lead vocalist of the three The Supremes. The King of Pop, Michael Jackson plays the portion of the encephalon destitute Scarecrow. His dancing accomplishments and smooth voice bring this character to life. Lena Horne, wind songstress extraordinare, plays Glinda the Good. Horne is one of the greatest wind vocalists of this epoch. Nipsey Russell, one of the 70s blaxploitation histrions, plays the portion of the Tinman. Comedian Richard Pryor plays the Wiz. His amusing actions give life to this character. Quincy Jones, one of the well-known songsters of his clip, co-wrote the film s soundtrack, along with Nick Ashford and Valerie Simpson, hubby and married woman psyche couple. This coaction of moving and musical endowment makes The Wiz a charming experience of narrative and vocal. African American civilization is defined within the underlying subjects of this musical. For illustration, the name of the Lion is Fleetwood Coupe de Ville, which is the name of a well-known Cadillac. In the 70s, Cadillacs were the male monarchs of the route, much like king of beastss are the male monarchs of the jungle. Following, in this narrative is a lady by the name of Miss One, who sells Numberss to the citizens of Oz. During this clip period, Blacks were seeking for an flight from drab life. Many depended on the lottery for an mercantile establishment. A 3rd signifier of symbolism is the scene where Dorothy and her friends get to Oz and all the citizens are parading in green garb. The Wiz so announces that the colour must be changed to gold, so ruddy, and eventually bluish. These colour alterations resemble the many manner tendencies set and lost during the 70s. African Americans needed a sense of belonging and hence went along with the alterations to be in the in-crowd. The many signifiers of symbolism found throughout this musical define the interior metropolis African American civilization of the late seventiess. The Wiz sends its message non merely through symbolism, but besides through music. The four chief characters perform the most popular vocal in the film, Ease on Down the Road, They sing this as they are following the Yellow Brick Road. Its implicit in message is travel for your dreams, no affair what they are, but it takes clip to accomplish them. A new message is sent through the vocal Believe in Yourself, which is performed by Glinda the Good. This vocal is about assurance and the strength to travel on in life. The concluding vocal sums up the whole film. Dorothy sings Home, where one can be their ego and non worry about other people s ideas or positions about them. Home is a comfort zone for everyone, there s no topographic point like place. Many of the film s subjects are summarized through vocal and hence make the overall tone of the original narrative. The Wiz is a successful remaking of a superb narrative. The characters, the music, the dance, and the emotion all add to the implicit in message of the film. I think this film is a must see for all ages and civilizations. It is a powerful film that portrays African American life, both good and bad facets, in a soulful, charming manner. This musical is one of the best I ve of all time seen and I recommend it to anyone who appreciates good music, civilization, and merely kick inspiration!

Hookup Culture

Hookup Culture and Women Empowering Hookup culture is disempowering for women even though some women claim that it empowers them. This is so because the incidences that surround it put women at risk of low self-esteem, depression, alcoholism, and eating disorders.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Hookup Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some women and feminists may claim that hookup culture is good because it frees them from chains of having relationships. However, most women with hookup experience later regret it because they feel disempowered by the sexual encounters (Armstrong, Laura and Pula 2010). Why Hookup is more Common Now than Ever Hookups are more common nowadays than ever because majority of young people do not want to commit themselves to serious relationships. This is because they invest a lot of their time in career development. Therefore, they engage in hookups because they fear contracting STDs and earlier pregnancies. This is because hookups help them to get sexual pleasures while reducing its physical and emotional risks (Armstrong, Laura and Pula 2010). Nowadays, young people especially college students value friendship more than romance and oral sex than intercourse because of its relative safety. Young People Hooking-up Causes a Moral Panic No matter how appealing casual sex may be to some young people, it is unethical and impacts on their lives negatively. Hookups encourage moral decadence e.g. a girl stripping in front of boys. It introduces young people to sex at earlier ages in a casual context. Furthermore, it erodes sexual feelings and sensation which leads to low self-esteem hence a moral panic. Is Sexual Interaction within Relationships Preferable to Hook-ups? Sexual interaction in relationships is preferable to hookups. It brings more satisfaction and real physical and emotional pleasure. Women orgasm more often and experience high levels of satisfaction than in hookups. This happens because sex in relationships employs sexual activities that are conducive for partner orgasm and satisfaction. For instance, research conducted by England’s team revealed that men get more concerned with the orgasm of their girlfriends than hookup partners where as women seem interested in pleasing their boyfriends and hookup partners.Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sexual Double Standard between Men and Women when it comes to Hooking up Yes. Sexual double standard exists in hookups and it ruins women’s hookup experiences. Men enjoy the privileges of gender superiority or chauvinism when it comes to hookups. For instance, men can lie with as many women as they could and this adds to their prestige and manhood. On the contrary, a woman who sleeps with many men becomes a â€Å"ho† and she is considered unequal with other women. S he is disrespected and stigmatized by the fact that women should not practice sex outside relationships. Sexual double standard affects women in hookups. This is the main reason they still tolerate greedy and abusive relationships (Armstrong, Laura and Pula 2010). Relationship between Hookup Culture and Same-Sex Relationship Hookup culture relate to same-sex relationship because it involves sexual stimulation between partners of the same-sex. The partners experience sexual pressures that they would feel if they had real sexual intercourse. Sex in this case does not serve its intended purpose but rather serves as a tool for sexual pleasure without emotional commitment. Furthermore, hookup culture described in this article involves socializing before and after hookup that also exist in same-sex relationships (Armstrong, Laura and Pula 2010). Work cited Armstrong, Elizabeth, Hamilton Laura and Pula England. â€Å" Is Hooking-up Bad for Young Women.† Contexts. American Sociologic al Association. Summer 2010. Web. n.d. This essay on Hookup Culture was written and submitted by user Maginty to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Story in Spanish About the Poinsettia

Story in Spanish About the Poinsettia Improve your Spanish this holiday season with this story about the poinsettia, the rare U.S holiday tradition that originated south of the border.   La flor de Nochebuena Durante la temporada navideà ±a, la flor de Nochebuena es muy popular en Estados Unidos. Pero muchos no saben que la flor es originaria de Mà ©xico. En espaà ±ol, la flor tiene muchos nombres como la flor de Nochebuena, la flor de Pascua, la flor de fuego, la estrella de Navidad y la corona de los Andes. Los indà ­genas mexicanos la llamaban cuetlazochitl, que significa la flor de pà ©talos resistentes como el cuero. Para los aztecas, la flor roja era sà ­mbolo de la sangre de los sacrificios que ofrendaban al sol. En los EEUU, la flor es conocida como la poinsettia en honor de Joel Poinsett, botnico y el primer embajador estadounidense a Mà ©xico. En Mà ©xico hay una leyenda sobre la flor. Se dice que habà ­a una nià ±a muy pobre que lloraba porque no tenà ­a regalo para dar al nià ±ito Jesà ºs en el altar de su iglesia. Un ngel escuchà ³ sus oraciones, y le dijo que cortara las ramas de algunas plantas cerca del camino. Cuando llegà ³ la nià ±a al altar, al contacto con sus lgrimas, de las ramas brotaron bellas flores rojas y resplandecientes. Eran las primeras flores de Nochebuena. Ya tenà ­a regalo adecuado para el nià ±ito Jesà ºs. Translation With Grammar and Vocabulary Notes Durante la temporada navideà ±a,During the Christmas season, Navideà ±o  is the adjectival form of  Navidad, the word for Christmas. The  feminine form  is used here  because  temporada  is feminine. la flor de Nochebuena es muy popular en Estados Unidos.the poinsettia is very popular in the United States. Nochebuena, a combination of  noche  (night) and  buena  (good) is the word used for Christmas Eve. Although the phrase  flor de Nochebuena  could be translated literally as Christmas Eve flower, doing so would not be as clear here as using the English name of the flower. Pero  muchos  no  saben  que la flor es originaria de Mà ©xico.But many dont know the flower is originally from Mexico. The phrase  ser originario de  is frequently used to indicate where something originates. Note that  originario  (or the feminine form,  originaria,  in the original sentence here) is an adjective, not an adverb as in the English translation. Note also that the word  que  is left untranslated in English. In this case, it could have been translated as that, a word often omitted in English. But in Spanish,  que  is essential. En espaà ±ol, la flor tiene muchos nombresIn Spanish, the flower has many names como la flor de Navidad, la flor de Pascua, la flor de fuego, la estrella de Navidad y la corona de los Andes.such as the Christmas flower, the  Pascua  flower, the fire flower, the Christmas star and the crown of the Andes. The word  Pascua  originally referred to the Jewish Passover. In Christianity, it came later to refer to Easter, whose timing is theologically connected with Passover. Los indà ­genas mexicanos la llamaban  cuetlazochitl,The natives of Mexico called it  cuetlazochitl, Indà ­gena, meaning an indigenous person, is one of those unusual words that end in  -a  in both masculine and feminine forms. In the above sentence,  la  is used to mean it because it refers to a feminine noun,  la flor. If the reference had been to a masculine noun,  lo  would have been used. que significa la flor de pà ©talos resistentes como el cuero.which means the flower with petals tough like leather. Note that in Spanish, the period comes outside the  quotation marks, the opposite of what is done in U.S. English. Note also that the  de  in the definition is translated as with, even though  de  typically is translated as of. This provides a more natural translation. Para los aztecas, la flor roja era sà ­mbolo del sangre de los sacrificios que ofrendaban al Sol.For the Aztecs, the red flower was a symbol of the blood of the sacrifices they offered to the sun. The verbs in this sentence are in the  imperfect tense, as is usually the case with verbs that refer to events or repeated actions that occur over a long period of time. En los EEUU, la flor es conocida como la  poinsettia  en honor de Joel Poinsett, botnico y el primer embajador estadounidense a Mà ©xico.In the U.S., the flower is known as the poinsettia in honor of Joel Poinsett, a botanist and first U.S. ambassador to Mexico. EEUU  is the abbreviation for  Estados Unidos. See how the letters are doubled as is often done in an  abbreviation of a plural noun. En Mà ©xico hay una leyenda sobre la flor.In Mexico there is a legend about the flower. Hay  is a form of  haber  that is very commonly used to mean there is. The past tense, as in the following sentence, is  habà ­a. Se dice que habà ­a una nià ±a muy pobreIt is said that there was a very poor girl Se  dice, a  reflexive  form of  decir, is a common way of saying it is said or they say. que lloraba porque no tenà ­a regalo para dar al nià ±ito Jesà ºs en el altar de su iglesia.who cried because she didnt have a gift to give to the baby Jesus on the altar of her church. Nià ±ito  is a  diminutive  form of  nià ±o, a word for boy. Un ngel escuchà ³ sus oraciones, y le dijo que cortara las ramas de algunas plantas cerca del camino.An angel heard her prayers and told her to cut the branches of the plants near the path. The verb  cortara  is in the  imperfect subjunctive  form, because the  subjunctive  form typically is used with  commands and requests  that follow  que. The  le  in this sentence is an  indirect object pronoun; to cut the branches is what the angel said, but the girl is whom the angel told it to. Cuando llegà ³ la nià ±a al altar, al contacto con sus lgrimas, de las ramas brotaron bellas flores rojas y resplandecientes.When the girl arrived at the altar, upon contact with her tears beautiful and brilliant red flowers came forth from the branches. Use of  al  followed by an noun, seen here in the phrase  al contacto, is a common way of saying in Spanish that something occurs as the result of another event. Also note how the word order in this sentence is different than what it would be in English. Eran las primeras flores de Nochebuena.These were the first poinsettias. The translation of They were ... also could have been used. As the  subject is often omitted  in Spanish sentences, you can let context determine the smoothest translation. Ya tenà ­a regalo adecuado para el nià ±ito Jesà ºs.Now she had a suitable gift for the baby Jesus. Ya  is a very common adjective whose translation varies widely depending on the context. The adjective  adecuado  is obviously related to the English adequate (making it a  cognate) but doesnt have the same connotation.

The relations of Turkey with the European Union Essay

The relations of Turkey with the European Union - Essay Example The union had many requirements for the membership candidacy acceptance. In December 1999 however, the EU dropped its preconditions, the reasons of which were several. Associated through its Ottoman past to the Balkans, at the edge of Central Asia, and adjoining the Middle East oil fields, Turkey was deemed a very significant participant on the international stage with huge potential to play a stabilizing role in a turbulent region; it could not be ignored. The post 9-11 era poses critical implications in the world politics today. Any plotted course of such decision making is prone to have a long lasting impact, not only on the concerned countries, but also on every affected party. In this case, the Turkey-EU relations, as well as their future nature of this relationship, not only affect them, but also EU’s relations with its neighboring Muslim countries. It took 3 decades until Turkey became a legitimate candidate country for an absolute membership in the EU. This research pr oposal tends to closely examine if Turkey should join the EU, and comprehensively discusses the potential resulting implications arising from whether or not Turkey joins it. A comprehensive review of literature has been conducted to study different theories and perspectives from different directly concerned parties, stakeholders, and various analysts who have evaluated Turkey’s standing from different angles. Further on, the proposal outlines our research objectives for this paper, discusses the research methodology to be employed, as well as highlight the ethical issues and limitations we’re prone to come across. Research Questions: The primary objective of this section is to construct a succinct discussion, and with all the pros and cons of the resulting impact, be able to reach an answer to the following research questions: Should Turkey join the EU? What advantage would Turkey gain from attaining accession to the EU? What advantage would EU gain from Turkish access ion? What are the negative implications if Turkey joins EU? Literature Review/Background According to Van Herpen (2004) Turkey has been a significant geopolitical participant on the European stage for more than six centuries. Initially it was deemed as a threat, in response to which Luther inscribed his pamphlet ‘On War against the Turk’. But with due evolution, for the past 5 decades, Turkey has been a close ally to Europe in the NATO. Even though Turkey is an Islamic country, however, the Islam followed over there is not only identified as moderate and accepting, but is also barred from the public sphere. A decade ago, Rouleau (2000, p. 100) was of the view that Turkey stands at a crossroads; the ‘accession partnership document’ that it presented to the EU is a roadmap for the extensive political and economic reforms Turkey needs to endorse if it intends on joining the EU. However, according to the so-called Copenhagen regulations, certain guidelines were to be followed by all EU membership candidates including Turkey, which basically revolved around establishing ‘Western-style democratic institutions guaranteeing rule of law, individual rights, and minority rights’. Turkey, however, even after 10 months of the issuance of these norms,

The United States Patriot Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The United States Patriot Act - Essay Example The PATRIOT Act was enacted to protect US citizens by augmenting the tools by which law enforcement agencies fight crime and improves communication capabilities between these government agencies. In spite of the prevailing majority opinion, the PATRIOT Act protects, rather than degrades, civil liberties. The name of the act, the USA PATRIOT Act, is a shortened acronym for Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism. According to the Justice Department, the PATRIOT Act gives support to and encourages enhanced sharing of information among various law enforcement agencies at the local, state and federal levels. In addition, this law assists law enforcement in their efforts to â€Å"connect the dots† from a wider scope of agencies when assembling evidence so as to â€Å"develop a complete picture† regarding possible threats from terrorists. By enabling more fluid communications between the various agencies, information regarding a particular suspect can be matched up faster, often automatically by computer database, and more accurately identified. This assists in increasing the safety of citizens both by removing dangerous suspects from the general population before they are able to cause serious trouble and by ensuring innocent citizens are cleared and released in a timely and efficient manner if or when mistakes are made. Communications is the focus of the other major element of the act as well. The Act allows law enforcement officials more latitude when attempting to intercept transmissions of suspected terrorist’s discussions via electronic surveillance (Ward, 2002). This is not a blanket license for law enforcement to listen to anyone’s line based upon a simple whim or roll of the dice, but is instead intended to help investigators trace suspicious person’s through their more intimate and therefore

Neorealist And Neo Marxist Approaches To Globalisation Politics Essay

Neorealist And Neo Marxist Approaches To Globalisation Politics Essay Globalisation is the process of integration which is international and arises from the mixture of products, ideas, views and some other aspects of culture. Neo Realism and Neo Marxism are the different approaches that have different theories, rules and regulation which can be used by different geological countries to accept the different cultures and the technologies to achieve the globalisation. Neo Realism uses the concept of self-interest and that is the reason it is considered as realistic theory to different aspects while Neo Marxism uses the concepts of Marxism and also incorporates elements from other intellectual traditions like  critical theory,  psychoanalysis  or  Existentialism. Globalization process requires different approaches to be followed to get success in particular field. As all we know globalization requires the consideration of many aspects so that it could be accept globally, so the application and selection of the appropriate theory is much important. Globalization is the main factor these days in the success of any country, company, or organization as the global presence only tells about the popularity or the importance of that thing. There are different theories that can be applied like classical or neo classical realist theory, left critical theory, deconstructionist ethics theory, neo Marxism theory or post structuralism theory etc. The application of these theory can be done of anti globalism or alter globalism. We will here compare the neo realism and neo Marxism approaches that can be applied for globalisation and how they can impact the globalisation and which one is better. The comparison will lead to the understanding of the theories and their importance for the globalization. Neo Realism Approach: Basically Realism is considered as the view that different aspects of internationalization are derived from competitive self-interest. Realism is an international theory basically which is centred upon following four propositions. 1. First proposition considers the that no actor above states is capable which can regulate the interactions and states must get all the relations with other states in the environment at their own instead of control from someone else which means that the international system is anarchic. 2. Second proposition considers the states as most important actors. 3. This proposition considers all states as unitary and rational actors which tend to pursue their self-interest. 4. Last proposition considers that all states concern about the survival mainly. In short we can say that realists believe in the self-centred and competitive humankind. Theorists like Thomas Hobbes consider the human nature to be egocentric and conflictual and exceptional in some special cases. These views are different from the liberalism approach that is used for international relations. Realists consider  Sovereign  states  as the main actors in the international system and they afford special attention to large powers because they mainly impact the international stage (Gene Callahan, (2010) pp 872).  International institutions, multinational corporations, non-governmental organizations, individuals and other actors like sub-state or trans-state are considered as less influential. Realists believe that all states cant guide their actions by a universal principle. They believe that every state must be aware of different actions of the other states around it and a pragmatic approach should be used in case of any problem. Neo realism is same as classical realism but it focuses on anarchic structure of international system in spite of human nature. It considers that states are main actors due to the non existence of any political monopoly above sovereign. Main attention is given to the forces which are above or below the states using levels of analysis or  structure-agency debate while state will be the main actors. This theory considers international system as a  structure  which acts on the state and individuals as they are below the level of the state who acts as  agency  on the state. Neo realism differs in the emphasis which it places on the permanence of conflict in spite of being affected from English School. It says that states should be constantly prepared for conflict using economic and military build-up so that state security can be ensured. Some of the prominent neo realists are Hans Morgenthau, Kenneth Waltz  (Structural realism), Robert J. Art, Robert Jervis, Stephen Walt(Defe nsive realism), John Mearsheimer(Offensive realism), Robert Gilpin(Hegemonic theory). The main focus of the realist approach to international politics is on the importance of power to establish relations between states. Realists believe in self-help they consider that states should rely on themselves to provide order and to resolve the issues. States should be capable enough to handle the situations and should not depend for any particular power. Criticism: There are different criticisms for the neo realistic theory like it has the problem of Indeterminacy, federalism and democratic peace. These all can be summarized as follows: Problem of Indeterminacy: Though the theory is very rigorous but still there are some fundamental drawbacks which present problems in generating different hypotheses and testing theory. The theory is very indeterminate because it focuses on different effects of the structure of international system on the behaviour of states and on international outcomes (Marianne Wikgren, (2005) pp 19). It says that structures have their effects indeterminately and indirectly. These all can also be found in balance of power theory also. Democratic peace: The theory of realism does not apply to the democratic states relations with each other because some studies found that such type of states dont go for war. However, Realists and proponents of other schools have critiqued both this claim and the studies which appear to support it, claiming that its definitions of war and democracy must be tweaked in order to achieve the desired result. Federalism: Federalism comes from a theory which divides the final authority between different sub-units and a centre. In such type of cases, sovereignty is constitutionally split between at least two territorial levels and results in final authority at each level which can act independently of the others in some area. This gives the citizens the right to have political obligations to two authorities. The allocation of authority between the sub-unit and centre may vary. Typically the centre has powers to shape different policies like defence and foreign policy, but at the same time different sub-units may also have international roles. The sub-units are also allowed to participate in central decision-making process. Neo Marxism Approach: Neo-Marxism  is used for different twentieth-century approaches which append or include  Marxism  and  Marxist theory and incorporates different important elements from other intellectual traditions like critical theory,  psychoanalysis  or  Existentialism. One good example of syncretism in neo Marxist theory is the contradictory of class location theory from Erik Olin Wright which incorporates  critical criminology, Weberian  sociology   and  anarchism.  Neo Marxists have tried to supplement the deficiencies which were perceived in orthodox Marxism (Alf Walle, (2001) pp 805) or dialectical materialism and that is the reason why many theorists and groups has designated the use of prefix neo. Most of the prominent neo-Marxists like Herbert Marcuse  and other members of the  Frankfurt School were sociologists and psychologists. New left considers neo Marxism under its broader framework. In a  sociological  aspect, neo-Marxism is basically the addition of Max Webers broader understanding of  social inequality like status  and  power to  Marxist philosophy. Critical theory, French structural Marxism and analytical Marxism are different strains of neo-Marxism Neo Marxism came in the existence to explain those questions which were unexplained in Karl Marxs works. There are many different branches of Neo-Marxism which are usually not in agreement with each other and their defined theories. There are basically two theories of neo Marxism, which are as follows: Neo-marxist theories of development: Dependency and world system theories are connected to come up with the Neo-Marxist approach to development economics. In this approach exploitation is considered as external exploitation which was used to be considered as internal exploitation in orthodox Marxism. Neo-marxian economics: This approach stresses on the monopolistic capitalism in spite of competitive nature of capitalism. Kalecki  andBaran  and  Sweezy are associated with this approach. Neo-Marxism is the application of Marxist ideas to the global economic conditions which currently exists and considered as a school of economic thought. It was very common during the 1960s and 1970s as many neo-Marxist scholars showed that how capitalist policies can hinder the development and can increase the inequality between the Global North and South. So, neo-Marxists produced different modern world system and dependency theories in form of clear illustrations to show how neo-liberal capitalism has brought increased inequality to the global economy. Criticism: Basically Neo Marxism was a relaxation of the economic determinism and positivism of classical Marxist theories. Its main focus was more on the society rather than on the system alone. It incorporated other sociological views which were developed after Marx so that a more holistic view of social class structures and dynamics can be provided and the target was to focus more on society. Different criticisms for the neo Marxism theory are as follows: It has more concentration on economic relationship which is like going over to the limit as it considers the economic relationship as most important factor. This theory is considered as economically deterministic due to the more emphasis on the economic relationship and it has ignored the other relationship like family, education. Friendship, religious etc which also give shape and determines the success. As it has concentrated on the economic relationships and conflicts, it has overlooked the conflicts that can rise in other forms (non-economic) also. This theory has either overlooked on these factors or has a slight description like it argues that the male-female conflicts are not simply economic rather they are patriarchal. It has under-emphasized the subjective interpretations of individuals when looking at the way in which people see and act in the social world (Thomas M. Jeannot, (1994) pp 91). A persons subjective interpretation of their class, for example, might be quite different to their objective class position. Many forms of Neo-Marxism have been criticised (usually by other Marxists) as being little more than a left-wing variety of Functionalism (Left Functionalism as Jock Young has termed it). In place of society existing for the benefit of all, Young argues that many Marxists simply substitute the idea that society exists for benefit of a ruling class). Some forms of Neo-Marxism resemble little more than a giant conspiracy theory, whereby a Capitalist Ruling Class are able to manipulate other classes in society for their own ends / benefits. Critics like Sir Karl Popper have claimed that Marxism is unscientific in its methodology. In particular, he argues that Marxism is not a theory that can be tested and possibly falsified, mainly because it sees the replacement of Capitalism by Communism as historically inevitable. In this respect, Popper classifies Marxism as a faith. The Marxist perspective lends itself to always examining social relationships in terms of their conflictual basis (just as the Functionalist perspective tends to look at those same relationships in terms of their consensual basis). This emphasis might be misplaced. Conclusion: As per the above discussion, both approaches have different implications for the globalization and have aim to satisfy the need of the states and regions for their success. On the one side neo realist theory tries to aim at individual on the other side neo Marxist theory tries to aim at the economies. Realist theory considers each individual responsible for their own tasks while neo Marxist theory talks in terms of economic stability and other factors (Kavous Ardalan, (2009) pp 525). The globalisation is the process which requires the integration of ideas, views and other factors that can help to get a better international system in the place. So while choosing the best theory for the globalisation, it is important to consider that the theory which is required should be more realistic and should focus on the growth and responsibility of all as a whole, not as an individual. So, neo realism is the theory which is realistic while neo Marxism is the theory which considers the economy as a whole. So I think a mixture of both can be better to be adopted for globalization process. But most preferable should be neo realism theory as it aims at the development of all and the responsibility of all individual state so that they can be economically strong at their own and can give rise to a good competition in the world scenario while keeping in the mind about the international relations.

The Colonization of Modern Africa :: Colonialism Imperialism

The Colonization of Modern Africa Many of today's distant countries are underdeveloped or not developed at all. People are going through famine and even dieing of starvation. These countries have demanding governments, and not enough money. Many countries with in Africa are just like this. The colonization of modern Africa has had many life changing effects on the people of Africa. Some of the effects of colonization are on the governments, the farming system, and the educational value. Colonization has greatly effected the governments of Africa. Africa gained political independence in the 1950's. Even though political independence was gained there are still many problems with their governments. There is a lack of political experience. Political boundaries, set by the Europeans, have cut across ethnic lines putting diverse people under the same government. This has lead to civil wars. The military is also weak. Just like the government, the farming in Africa is affected by colonization. Africa has many different forms of farming, one of them is Subsistence farming. Subsistence farming is when one farms for just for his family or village. Another type of farming is Commercial farming, or organized farming as a business. There is also Shift farming, which is when a farmer moves every one to three years to find better soil. Only two-fifths of Africa has arable land. Many farmers go hungry or bankrupt because they become dependent on one cash crop. Unlike the government and the farming problem of modern Africa, there are many good effects of colonization. Education has had many good effects like the new schools built and universities. People are furthering their educations and getting better jobs. There are so many more opportunities for people with a higher educations. The Colonization of Modern Africa :: Colonialism Imperialism The Colonization of Modern Africa Many of today's distant countries are underdeveloped or not developed at all. People are going through famine and even dieing of starvation. These countries have demanding governments, and not enough money. Many countries with in Africa are just like this. The colonization of modern Africa has had many life changing effects on the people of Africa. Some of the effects of colonization are on the governments, the farming system, and the educational value. Colonization has greatly effected the governments of Africa. Africa gained political independence in the 1950's. Even though political independence was gained there are still many problems with their governments. There is a lack of political experience. Political boundaries, set by the Europeans, have cut across ethnic lines putting diverse people under the same government. This has lead to civil wars. The military is also weak. Just like the government, the farming in Africa is affected by colonization. Africa has many different forms of farming, one of them is Subsistence farming. Subsistence farming is when one farms for just for his family or village. Another type of farming is Commercial farming, or organized farming as a business. There is also Shift farming, which is when a farmer moves every one to three years to find better soil. Only two-fifths of Africa has arable land. Many farmers go hungry or bankrupt because they become dependent on one cash crop. Unlike the government and the farming problem of modern Africa, there are many good effects of colonization. Education has had many good effects like the new schools built and universities. People are furthering their educations and getting better jobs. There are so many more opportunities for people with a higher educations.

Cargill vs. Intra Strata Assurance Corporation

1. Whether petitioner is doing or transacting business in the Philippines in contemplation of the law and established jurisprudence; 2. Whether respondent is estopped from invoking the defense that petitioner has no legal capacity to sue in the Philippines; Facts: Petitioner Cargill, Inc. (petitioner) is a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, United States of America.Petitioner and Northern Mindanao Corporation (NMC) executed a contract dated 16 August 1989 whereby NMC agreed to sell to petitioner 20,000 to 24,000 metric tons of molasses, to be delivered from 1 January to 30 June 1990at the price of $44 per metric ton. In compliance with the terms of the third amendment of the contract, respondent Intra Strata Assurance Corporation (respondent) issued on 10 October 1990 a performance bond in the sum of P11,287,500 to guarantee NMC’s delivery of the 10,500 tons of molasses, and a surety bond in the sum of P9,978,125 to guarantee the repaym ent of down payment as provided in the contract.NMC was only able to deliver 219. 551 metric tons of molasses out of the agreed 10,500 metric tons. Thus, petitioner sent demand letters to respondent claiming payment under the performance and surety bonds. When respondent refused to pay, petitioner filed on 12 April 1991 a complaint for sum of money against NMC and respondent. Petitioner, NMC, and respondent entered into a compromise agreement, which the trial court approved in its Decision dated 13 December 1991. However, NMC still failed to comply with its obligation under the compromise agreement.Hence, trial proceeded and judgment was rendered in favour of plaintiff ordering defendant INTRA STRATA ASSURANCE CORPORATION to solidarily pay plaintiff the total amount of SIXTEEN MILLION NINE HUNDRED NINETY-THREE THOUSAND AND TWO HUNDRED PESOS (P16,993,200. 00), Philippine Currency, with interest at the legal rate from October 10, 1990 until fully paid, plus attorney’s fees and the costs of the suit. On appeal,the Court of Appeals held that petitioner does not have the capacity to file this suit since it is a foreign corporation doing business in the Philippines without the requisite license.The Court of Appeals held that petitioners purchases of molasses were in pursuance of its basic business and not just mere isolated and incidental transactions. Ruling: To be doing or transacting business in the Philippines for purposes of Section 133 of the Corporation Code, the foreign corporation must actually transact business in the Philippines, that is, perform specific business transactions within the Philippine territory on a continuing basis in its own name and for its own account.Actual transaction of business within the Philippine territory is an essential requisite for the Philippines to acquire jurisdiction over a foreign corporation and thus require the foreign corporation to secure a Philippine business license. If a foreign corporation does not transact such kind of business in the Philippines, even if it exports its products to the Philippines, the Philippines has no jurisdiction to require such foreign corporation to secure a Philippine business license.Santiago Cua, Jr. , et al. vs. Miguel Ocampo Tan, et al. /Santiago Cua, Sr. , et al. vs. Court of Appeals, et al, G. R. No. 181455-56/G. R. No. 182008, December 4, 2009. Issue: Whether derivative suit is proper? Facts: Complainants, PRCI stockholders, have opposed the issuance and approval of the questioned resolutions during the board stockholders’ (sic) meetings, and prior resort to intra-corporate remedies were futile.Complainants asked for copies of the pertinent documents pertaining to the questioned transactions which the board has declined to furnish, thus they instituted the derivative suit in the name of the corporation. They are questioning the acts of the majority of the board of directors believing that the herein petitioners have committed a wrong against the corporation and seeking a nullification of the questioned board resolutions on the ground of wastage of the corporate assets.Ruling: It is well settled in this jurisdiction that where corporate directors are guilty of a breach of trust — not of mere error of judgment or abuse of discretion — and intracorporate remedy is futile or useless, a stockholder may institute a suit in behalf of himself and other stockholders and for the benefit of the corporation, to bring about a redress of the wrong inflicted directly upon the corporation and indirectly upon the stockholders.WPP Marketing Communications, Inc. et al. vs. Jocelyn M. Galera/Jocelyn M. Galera Vs. WPP Marketing Communications, Inc. et al. , Issue: Whether the NLRC has jurisdiction over the dispute? Ruling: Galera being an employee, then the Labor Arbiter and the NLRC have jurisdiction over the present case. Article 217 of the Labor Code provides: Jurisdiction of Labor Arbiters and the Commission. (a) Except as oth erwise provided under this Code, the Labor Arbiters shall have original and exclusive jurisdiction to hear and decide x x x the following cases involving all workers, whether agricultural or non-agricultural: 1. Unfair labor practice cases; 2. Termination disputes; 3. If accompanied with a claim for reinstatement, those cases that workers may file involving wages, rates of pay, hours of work and other terms and conditions of employment; 4.Claims for actual, moral, exemplary and other forms of damages arising from the employer-employee relations; 5. Cases arising from any violation of Article 264 of this Code, including questions involving the legality of strikes and lockouts; 6. Except claims for Employees Compensation, Social Security, Medicare and other maternity benefits, all other claims, arising from employer-employee relations, including those of persons in domestic or household service, involving an amount exceeding five thousand pesos (P5,000. 0) regardless of whether accomp anied with a claim for reinstatement. (b) The Commission shall have exclusive appellate jurisdiction over all cases decided by Labor Arbiters. (c) Cases arising from the interpretation of collective bargaining agreements and those arising from the interpretation or enforcement of company personnel policies shall be disposed of by the Labor Arbiter by referring the same to the grievance machinery and voluntary arbitration as may be provided in said agreements.In contrast, Section 5. 2 of Republic Act No. 8799, or the Securities Regulation Code, states: The Commission’s jurisdiction over all cases enumerated under Section 5 of Presidential Decree No. 902-A is hereby transferred to the courts of general jurisdiction or the appropriate Regional Trial Court: Provided, That the Supreme Court in the exercise of its authority may designate the Regional Trial Court branches that shall exercise jurisdiction over these cases.The Commission shall retain jurisdiction over pending cases in volving intra-corporate disputes submitted for final resolution which should be resolved within one year from the enactment of this Code. The Commission shall retain jurisdiction over pending suspension of payments/rehabilitation cases filed as of 30 June 2000 until finally disposed. The pertinent portions of Section 5 of Presidential Decree No. 02-A, mentioned above, states: b) Controversies arising out of intra-corporate or partnership relations, between and among stockholders, members or associates; between any or all of them and the corporation, partnership or association of which they are stockholders, members or associates, respectively; and between such corporation, partnership or association and the state insofar as it concerns their individual franchise or right to exist as such entity; c) Controversies in the election or appointments of directors, trustees, officers or managers of such corporations, partnerships or associations.Facts: Galera, worked in the Philippines with out a proper work permit but now wants to claim employee’s benefits under Philippine labor laws. Leslie Okol vs. Slimmers World International, et al. , G. R. No. 160146, December 11, 2009. Issue: The issue revolves mainly on whether petitioner was an employee or a corporate officer of Slimmers World. Ruling: Section 25 of the Corporation Code enumerates corporate officers as the president, secretary, treasurer and such other officers as may be provided for in the by-laws.In Tabang v. NLRC, the Supreme Court held that an â€Å"office† is created by the charter of the corporation and the officer is elected by the directors or stockholders. On the other hand, an â€Å"employee† usually occupies no office and generally is employed not by action of the directors or stockholders but by the managing officer of the corporation who also determines the compensation to be paid to such employee.Facts: Okol filed a complaint with the Arbitration branch of the NLRC against Sl immers World, Behavior Modifications, Inc. and Moy for illegal suspension, illegal dismissal, unpaid commissions, damages and attorney’s fees, with prayer for reinstatement and payment of backwages. The labor arbiter ruled that Okol was the vice-president of Slimmers World at the time of her dismissal. Since it involved a corporate officer, the dispute was an intra-corporate controversy falling outside the jurisdiction of the Arbitration branch.

Unintended Consequences - Israel from Palestine - 1356 Words

If you were surrounded by enemies and had no home, to where would you run? The fact is that this very question became a quandary for Jews, especially Zionists, long before the genocides of the Holocaust. In the decades before World War II, Jews sought a place to idealize their faith unhindered and away from governments and societies that ran against their operations. While they tried to assimilate with the cultures around which they lived, they stumbled more often than they soared. Appropriately enough, the international bodies that discussed this issue would consider both entirely separate and similar problems. They would encounter their own answers to the questions that the Jewish populations were facing, and it cannot be stressed†¦show more content†¦Britain began to support Jewish immigration to the area because of a few key reasons. Foremost was the destruction of enemies and gaining of allies. Britain looked to help the Arabs establish independent states as a wa y to gain support against the Ottomans (Immell 16). Britain also wanted to assist the Jews in their transition to Palestine because it felt Russia would be grateful for such a maneuver with its own population (17). Of course, Britain didn’t want to make new enemies in this process. They decided to stay as neutral as possible, doing so through the Balfour Declaration, issued in 1917. This document encouraged a Jewish homeland in Palestine without being a detriment to the rights of Arabs in the region – a clever but difficult balance between both sides (Immell 17). As many politicians discover, it was because of Britain’s awkward, double-edged stance that it found it to be a struggle to support both sides. Instead of focusing on both at the same time, Britain bounced from interest to interest, shifting its focus by favoring both sides at different times (Immell 19). Thus Great Britain’s investment in the affairs of Palestine declined. When Britain announced its intention to keep the peace, it forgot the intentions of the people it was maintaining. It was obvious that Jews and Arabs could not coexist by the late 1930s (Immell 19). With their in-fighting,Show MoreRelatedUnintended Consequences - Israel from Palestine1297 Words   |  6 PagesPity from the Holocaust A common argument for the Holocaust’s causation in the creation of Israel and generous partition of Palestine is the potential for nations to pity the Jews for their suffering. In truth, Zionism wasn’t offered any gains by the Holocaust. Not only was the genocide irrelevant to the argument of Zionism to the rest of the world, but it also couldn’t be pitied, as it was not yet understood. Overall, the Palestine question – and it was just that: a question regarding PalestineRead MorePower, Ideology, and Terror in the Atomic Age Worksheet1675 Words   |  7 Pages 1. 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Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Import ant Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageslittle significance. But there is little agreement over when the twentieth century c.e. arrived, and there were several points both before the year 2000 (the collapse of the Soviet Union, the reunification of Germany, the surge of globalization from the mid-1990s) and afterward (9/11, or the global recession of 2008) when one could quite plausibly argue that a new era had begun. A compelling case can be made for viewing the decades of the global scramble for colonies after 1870 as a predictable