Frame the Case JohnsonJohnson and Dow Corning

Frame the Case JohnsonJohnson and Dow Corning Both companies Johnson Johnson and Dow Corning were framed particular issues which helped the make a decision in their cases. However, those frames also presupposed the effectiveness of the decision in cases under consideration. The choice of the tools for solving the problem and the vision of the problem are effective aspects which are to be considered while making a decision.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Frame the Case: JohnsonJohnson and Dow Corning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Looking at the cases under consideration, it should be stated that the difference in the outcome of the politics held by Johnson Johnson and Dow Corning was caused by the frames which were used as windows and tools. The main idea of the Johnson Johnson’s Code of Ethics is to make sure that the customers are satisfied and the products do not harm their health. Additionally, there are a lot of other items which make sure tha t the frames have been correctly chosen. Thus, applying to the human resource frames, political frames and symbolic frames, Jonson Jonson managed to remain successful and conserved its positive image. The company’s measures were based on the roles, policies, needs and relationships of the organization towards its customers. Many other ethical aspects played their role. At the same time, the failure of the Dow Corning company may be explained by the reference only to the political frames. The company was bothered for the conflicts which may appear and wanted to prevent those by means of closing the factories and refusing from the manufacturing. Therefore, it may be concluded that the choice of frames, both the windows and as tools, plays a great role in considering the image of the company and its mental map. Dwelling upon the differences in ethical stances of the Johnson Johnson and Dow Corning, the Code of Ethics as well as the goals of the companies should be considered. Johnson Johnson is the company which takes care for its customers and for their health. Only the great care for the clients and the guarantee of their satisfaction may create the successful business for the company. Johnson Johnson deals with many different products and covers many niches at the world market. The problems and the shade of one particular product may cause the company failure if successful marketing of other products. Dow Corning is the company which produces only one kind of the products and they believed that the arguments they had were enough. The lack of interest in the company image may be explained by the great assuredness of the company leaders in the inability of the company failure or the fact that the issue cannot be proved. The failure to combine the company image and the purposes of the manufacturing has lead to the fact that others became interested in the failure. Looking for the problems, the information was found. Therefore, it may be concluded that the company has lost the whole manufacturing only because they did not want to lose some income.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The loss in case of accepting the failure and withdrawal of the failure product could be less than the closure of the whole manufacturing. The politics and the frames chosen by Johnson Johnson were directed at the benefit of customers with the reference to the personal profit, while Dow Corning was directed at the personal profit with making the interests of the customers the secondary concern.

Difference Between Totalitarianism, Authoritarianism, Fascism

Difference Between Totalitarianism, Authoritarianism, Fascism Totalitarianism, authoritarianism, and fascism are all forms of government. And defining different forms of government isnt as easy as it might seem.   The governments of all nations have an official form as designated in the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency’s World Factbook. However, a nation’s own description of its form of government can often be less than objective. For example, while the former Soviet Union declared itself a democracy, its elections were not â€Å"free and fair† as only one party with state-approved candidates were represented. The USSR was more correctly classified as a socialist republic. In addition, the boundaries between various forms of government can be fluid or poorly-defined, often with overlapping characteristics. Such is the case with totalitarianism, authoritarianism, and fascism. What is Totalitarianism? Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler in Munich, Germany September 1937. Fox Photos/Getty Images Totalitarianism is a form of government in which the state’s power is unlimited and is used to control virtually all aspects of public and private life. This control extends to all political and financial matters, as well as the attitudes, morals, and beliefs of the people. The concept of totalitarianism was developed in the 1920s by Italian fascists who attempted to put a positive spin on it by referring to what they considered totalitarianism’s â€Å"positive goals† for society. However, most Western civilizations and governments quickly rejected the concept of totalitarianism and continue to do so today. One distinctive feature of totalitarian governments is the existence of an explicit or implied national ideology, a set of beliefs intended to give meaning and direction to the entire society. According to Russian history expert and author Richard Pipes, Fascist Italian Prime Minister Benito Mussolini once summarized the basis of totalitarianism as, â€Å"Everything within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state.† Examples of characteristics that might be present in a totalitarian state include: Rule enforced by a single dictatorThe presence of a single ruling political partyStrict censorship, if not total control of the pressConstant dissemination of pro-government propagandaMandatory service in the military for all citizensMandatory population control practicesProhibition of certain religious or political groups and practicesProhibition of any form of public criticism of the governmentLaws enforced by secret police forces or the military Typically, the characteristics of a totalitarian state tend to cause people to fear their government. Rather than trying to allay that fear, totalitarian rulers tend to encourage and use it to ensure the people’s cooperation. Early examples of totalitarian states include Germany under Adolf Hitler and Italy under Benito Mussolini. More recent examples of totalitarian states include Iraq under Saddam Hussein and North Korea under Kim Jong-un. What is Authoritarianism? Fidel Castro circa 1977. David Hume Kennerly/Getty Images   An authoritarian state is characterized by a strong central government that allows people a limited degree of political freedom. However, the political process, as well as all individual freedoms, is controlled by the government without any constitutional accountability In 1964, Juan Josà © Linz, Professor Emeritus of Sociology and Political Science at Yale University, described the four most recognizable characteristics of authoritarian state as: Limited political freedom with strict government controls imposed on political institutions and groups like legislatures, political parties, and interest groupsA controlling regime that justifies itself to the people as a â€Å"necessary evil† uniquely capable of coping with â€Å"easily recognizable societal problems† such as hunger, poverty, or violent insurgencyStrict government-imposed constraints on social freedoms such as suppression of political opponents and anti-regime activityThe presence of a ruling executive with vague, loosely defined and shifting powers Modern dictatorships, such as Venezuela under Hugo Chvez, or Cuba under Fidel Castro, typify authoritarian governments.   While the People’s Republic of China under Chairman Mao Zedong was considered a totalitarian state, modern-day China is more accurately described as an authoritarian state, because its citizens are now allowed some limited personal freedoms. It is important to summarize the main differences between totalitarianism and authoritarian governments. In a totalitarian state, the government’s range of control over the people is virtually unlimited. The government controls nearly all aspects of the economy, politics, culture, and society. Education, religion, the arts and sciences, even morality and reproductive rights are controlled by totalitarian governments. While all power in an authoritarian government is held by a single dictator or group, the people are allowed a limited degree of political freedom. What is Fascism? Rarely employed since the end of World War II in 1945, fascism is a form of government combining the most extreme aspects of both totalitarianism and authoritarianism. Even when compared to extreme nationalistic ideologies like Marxism and anarchism, fascism is typically considered to be at the far-right end of the political spectrum. Fascism is characterized by the imposition of dictatorial power, government control of industry and commerce, and the forcible suppression of opposition, often at the hands of the military or a secret police force. Fascism was first seen in Italy during World War I, later spreading to Germany and other European countries during World War II. Historically, the primary function of fascist regimes has been to maintain the nation in a constant state of readiness for war. Fascists observed how rapid, mass military mobilizations during World War I had blurred the lines between the roles of civilians and combatants. Drawing on those experiences, fascist rulers strive to create a rabidly nationalistic culture of â€Å"military citizenship† in which all citizens are willing and prepared to take on some military duties during times of war, including actual combat. In addition, fascists view democracy and the electoral process as an obsolete and unnecessary obstacle to maintaining constant military readiness and consider a totalitarian one-party state as the key to preparing the nation for war and its resulting economic and social hardships. Today, few governments publicly described themselves as fascist. Instead, the term is more often used pejoratively by those critical of particular governments or leaders. The term â€Å"neo-fascist† is often used to describe governments or individuals espousing radical, far right political ideologies similar to those of the World War II fascist states.

ELITES AND DEVELOPMENT IN CIS COUNTRIES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

ELITES AND DEVELOPMENT IN CIS COUNTRIES - Essay Example In fact the changes perceived in the structure of the various political elite groups in this region which was stimulated by the changes brought in by democracy, did not essentially lead to the renewal of the political elite, primarily in the nature and manner of their conscription and commissioning. The fragile nature of the democratic institutions were revealed when the actors in the new political order that came into power during the first democratic elections, instead of aiming at creating a better socio-economic future for their respective countries, used the new positions for amassing personal wealth and strengthening their personal power. The result of the plans adopted for orienting all governmental organizations towards a system of Presidential domination that would democratically control the executive, legislative and judiciary, failed. In its place, there was the rapid emergence of a group of hybrid political elites, where the authoritarian power was well in vogue, albeit b ehind the facade of democratic institutions. ... Other international and regional bodies that provide corruption survey figures based on perceptions and experience in this sub-region, present a very analogous picture that portrays a ‘systemic’ form of corruption, having disastrous effects on the lives of the common citizens of these states. A study of these reports make it very clear that the political elites of these regions are creating a hindrance in the developmental strategy of these regions, and in order to initiate growth and development in the CIS countries one must make a thorough study of the elites that run these countries. One must take heed of their perception of national development and personal power, and also comprehend how the elites analyze the role of various international development bodies like ‘The European Bank of Reconstruction and Development’ (EBRD). The research project primarily aims to study these issues in order to identify in which CIS countries the political elites are deter mined to act in a manner that has positive economic and social implications, and thereby aiming to create a favourable climate for investments. Objectives The target of this research paper is to propose various recommendations that are based on strong and logical evidences, for the increase in the EBRD’s investments within the CIS countries. Since this international developmental body is supporting a research project and providing ?5 million for investigating the role of political elites in the development of CIS countries, it necessary for the researcher to study in detail the various notions and ideals practiced by the ruling political elites that are mainly responsible

Marketing Simulation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing Simulation - Research Paper Example The Ochre teams had an increase of approximately 10 percent, which is roughly near the Orange team’s performance level. Customers From the market outlook chart above, most of the customers are derived from households and companies. On average, most of the customers are derived from general households. The high-end households also contribute a large portion but particularly in Europe. In Asia, the sales in the high-end households have dwindled to the extent that there are negative sales in this particular segment. The companies follow the household in usage in both Europe and Asia. However, in Asia, the reception in the high-end companies has been poor compared to the European market. Marketing Research The team has three phones in the European market that are SSKE 1, SSKE 3 and SSKE 4. In the Asian market, the team has one phone, the SSKE2A. The SSKE4 I is the best performer in the European market followed by the SSKE1. Most high-end companies prefer the SSKE4 while the ordina ry companies prefer the SSKE1. Therefore, it can be concluded that most of the consumers in the region are derived from companies. The phone model on sale in the Asian market mainly targets the lower end segment of the market. The product has received significant reception in the general households and companies. By not focusing on improving the product to suit the high- end segment of the market, the company is losing on sales in this segment in Asia. The team also has not emphasized enough on creating enough awareness of the product in the region compared to the awareness in Europe. Furthermore, introducing only one product in the region is not a feasible strategy. The team should introduce more products in the region to compete effectively with the competitors. The team also... The team has three phones in the European market that are SSKE 1, SSKE 3 and SSKE 4. In the Asian market, the team has one phone, the SSKE2A. The SSKE4 I is the best performer in the European market followed by the SSKE1. Most high-end companies prefer the SSKE4 while the ordinary companies prefer the SSKE1. Therefore, it can be concluded that most of the consumers in the region are derived from companies. The phone model on sale in the Asian market mainly targets the lower end segment of the market. The product has received significant reception in the general households and companies. By not focusing on improving the product to suit the high-end segment of the market, the company is losing on sales in this segment in Asia. The team also has not emphasized enough on creating enough awareness of the product in the region compared to the awareness in Europe. Introducing only one product in the region is not a feasible strategy. The team should introduce more products in the region to compete effectively with the competitors. The team also channeled most of its resources in advertising and channel investments. This caused a reduction in operating profits for the team. The team should have reduced the investment in the two divisions considering that most phone companies have their own niche in the market. The curved out section will always buy the products. Furthermore, the investment was done without an introduction of more new products. The money would have been used for research and development instead.

RISK MANAGEMENT 3PL (THIRD-PARTY LOGISTICS PROVIDER) Dissertation

RISK MANAGEMENT 3PL (THIRD-PARTY LOGISTICS PROVIDER) - Dissertation Example Also, the logistics industry is transforming speedily because of lack of control in transportation scenario due to TPLs working in the technologically advanced environment of internet, e-commerce, and other electronic ways to offer logistics services (Marsh, 2007). TPL has been variously defined in literature. A definition of TPL by Knemeyer & Murphy (2005, p. 710) citing Murphy and Poist (1998), point out that TPL involves â€Å"a relationship between a shipper and a third party which, when compared with basic services, has more customized offerings, encompasses a broader number of service functions and is characterized by a longer-term, more mutually beneficial relationship.† It is a narrower definition of TPL focusing on the word â€Å"relationship†, highlighting the long term outlook of the TPL for completing various strategic functions. When it comes to managing risks, sufficient literature is available on risk management in general, but when it comes to risk ident ification, research related to identification of risks is still in nascent level. Companies need to invest resources in attempting to identify the risks systematically; nevertheless, methods to follow systemic approaches are few and scarce. The similar viewpoint is offered by Zsidsin et al., as cited by Rao & Goldsby (2009, p. 98) that â€Å"few studies exist that explore the key constructs necessary for assessing supply [chain] risk†. The research gap between risk identification and risk mitigation, therefore, needs to be worked out by selecting Saudi Arabia, a country of the Middle-East. The example of Saudi Arabia can set the pace for creating better understanding on TPL risks in an emerging field, as developed Western countries have already seen it happening along the complexity of the risk types and their management. Further, selecting a country as a methodology would help in finding ways of improving the current situation of the TPL firms in Saudi Arabia. Addition of el ectronic interface to the TPL industry has increased its liability risks, such as failure to securely provide reach and connectivity to its internet and extranet portals. These risk exposures are unforeseen and are not always binding by contracts. As customers of TPLs are equally technology-efficient, therefore, exhibit least inclination to be partners in liability risks with TPLs, thus, increasing risk exposure of TPLs. For instance, websites of TPLs are very interactive for providing a good user experience to their customers for selecting freight carriers, checking about shipments or stock, and sending shipment instructions. Thus, various liability risks could be related to TPL functions over internet reach for completing shipping, billing, and claims documentation procedures, tariffs, posting of carrier, stock, tracking, and management of transportation, load, administrative services, claims etc. among others (Marsh USA, 2007). Although TPL network has become highly globalised bu t considering the country-specific example, which in this case is Saudi Arabia, one can see that growth of TPL in the Middle East countries is relatively not as dynamic as in developed countries of Europe and the USA. When it comes to approximation of TPL risks and risks mitigation in Saudi Arabia, one finds handicapped due to the lack of empirical data across the whole Arab region although research reveals that overall

Code of Ethics Paper Essay Example for Free

Code of Ethics Paper Essay The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is a well-known government based facility that presents a web site that keeps its customer base well informed on a wide variety of topics. Providing and gathering knowledge for doctors and patients, this facility and website serve as an investigator. This ranges from heath issues to the medicine used to treat. The NIH has been a part of history ranging from advances in penicillin to machines used such as the MRI. Also, NIH has funded and researched thousands of drugs and physicians to find cures and treatment. As a team we believe that the NIH has social, ethical issues, as well as goals that are met every day as a part of their social responsibility. â€Å"NIH’s mission is to seek fundamental knowledge about the nature and behavior of living systems and the application of that knowledge to enhance health, lengthen life, and reduce illness and disability.† (USA.Gov, 2013) NIH’s goals and their ethical principles If everyone were afraid about unethical research, nobody will participate or volunteer. Without the research subjects, developing new medicine and treatments would be impossible. Because millions of selfless and generous research volunteers, the world has benefited from an array of medical advances in used today. Furthermore, Effective chemotherapy and radiation treatments have cured millions of people with cancer, such as breast, thyroid, pancreatic, and cervical cancer to name a few. Additionally, we have also benefited from numerous vaccines that protect from deadly disease, for instance, polio, measles, chicken pox, and the seasonal flu. Moreover, these medical advances have made it possible to increase awareness about nutrition and health lifestyles (NIH, 2013). The National Health Institute’s goals are to cultivate and promote â€Å"fundamental creative discoveries, innovative research strategies and their application as a basis for ultimately protecting and improving h ealth† (NIH, 2013, para. 1). In addition, their goals are also for helping support, and â€Å"renew scientific human and physical resources that will safeguard the Nation competency to prevent disease† (NIH, 2013, para. 1) Furthermore, they work tirelessly to  Ã¢â‚¬Å"expand the knowledge base in medical and sciences to enhance the Nation’s economic well-being and guarantee a continued high return on the public investment in research† (NIH, 2013, para. 1). According to the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), before any research is started there are seven ethical principles the researchers must comply with. These principles help to clarify meticulously a coherent framework for assessing the ethics of any clinical research studies: (1) social value- the research or study must define how are peoples health or well-being will improve; (2) scientific validity- the research must have a hypothesis to be tested, and controlled; (3) fair subject sel ection- an abroad group of people must be selected , including age (over 18), gender, and race, not vulnerable or privileged; (4)favorable risk-benefit ratio- the research shows that the riskier the study the more ethical it is considered; (5) independent review- an external group must review the research and will approve it or denied it. This practice makes people believe the study is more ethical and unbiased. Also, this will minimize potential conflicts of interest; (6) inform consent- the subject must be mentally capable to understand the full disclosure of the research, the decision must be voluntary; (7) respect for the enrolled subject- the volunteers privacy must be protected, withdrawal from the study cannot be denied, and their health must always be monitored. The researchers have the obligation to treat everyone who volunteers in an experiment ethically and respectfully (Emanuel, Wendler, Grady, 2000; NIH Clinical Center Department of Bioethics, 2012). NIH’s culture and ethical decision making The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is one of the largest organizations in the world with regard to researching advancements in medicine and the improvement in delivery of health care. Culturally speaking, the NIH is as diverse as the population it provides services to. Therefore, the NIH encourages health care providers to become more culturally competent in order to assist them in improving the quality of services they provide. According to the NIH, (2013) â€Å"Cultural competency is critical to reducing health disparities and improving access to high-quality health care; health care that is respectful of and responsive to the needs of diverse patients† (par. 3). Possessing a better knowledge of the cultures  a health care provider delivers services to will allow him or her the ability to provide a higher quality of care and enable him or her to remain ethical when critical decisions need to be made. Currently, the NIH is collaboration with other groups and organizati ons to help health care providers become more aware of the cultures they serve, which in turn, will provide better quality of care to all Americans (NIH, 2013). End of life is an area of health care the NIH suggests is especially critical with regard to culture and making ethical decisions (NIH, 2013). There are many different cultures in the United States that do not share the same point of view when it comes to a family members’ last wishes. An article called â€Å"Diverse decisions. How culture affects ethical decision making†, written by Wright, Cohen, and Caroselli explains the importance of cultural competence and ethical decision making at the point of a patients’ end of life. This crucial aspect of health care can be especially challenging to health care providers if they are not familiar with their patient’s cultural preferences. If not treated with the sensitivity a family requires culturally, the health care provider will likely encounter probl ems in assisting the family in arriving at an ethical decision that best helps the patient. As stated by Wright, Cohen, and Caroselli, (1997) â€Å"When these difficulties are coupled with ineffective communication related to cultural insensitivity or unawareness, the effects can be devastating† (par. 1). Few moments in life present as many challenges as the end of a family members’ life. Therefore, the NIH not only challenges its organization to become more culturally competent, it also encourages and assists health care providers to do the same, especially when assisting patients and their families in making the appropriate ethical decision. NIH’s ethical values supporting our ethical values The NIH has clearly stated that â€Å"turning discovery into health† is part of their mission statement. Supporting this ethical decision in the United States alone there are many individuals with chronic diseases or health issues. Therefore, it is safe to say that because the mission of the NIH is to find cures and treatments to better our nation is in correspondence with most. According to the NIH, (2013) â€Å"Nearly half of all Americans have a chronic medical condition. NIH research makes significant strides toward  treating and preventing these long-term illnesses.† Along with promoting wellness, the NIH develops new technological tools to treat any or most ailments in the USA. They are always looking for bright and positive new recruits to help research and enlighten the NIH to provide answers to thousands of individuals who have questions. The NIH has conducted research and found that cancer, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, and cardiovascular disease is on the decline bec ause of the research they have contributed to society. Because of their code of ethics they are helping babies that are born today live to a common age of 79, a vast improvement from the last 100 years. NIH believes it â€Å"invests over $30.9* billion annually in medical research for the American people.† (USA.Gov, 2013) and posted under NIH budget they write â€Å"Research for the People†, a clear message that this company is high in ethical values. They plan on widening the research capacity of our country and foster exploration. For any individual finding treatment for loved ones or ones’ self goes hand in hand with the ethical beliefs of the NIH. Social responsibility for NIH in the community NIH has proven itself to be socially responsible for not only the community but the entire population. They have done research and contributed a vast amount of information that physician’s, staff, and patients alike use on a daily basis for personal or practice knowledge. For example, the NIH has provided hundreds of thousands of jobs to research new technology and to find cures ever the past years. In addition, â€Å"to directly supporting research, NIH funding spurs an impressive amount of spin-off economic growth in our communities, ranging from scientific equipment suppliers to biotech firms to businesses offering food and lodging.† (USA.Gov, 2013) So not only has it contributed to health of the population, but is has proved financial contributions to the population. It has contributed more than $62 billion in revenue. Because of NIH’s research it will have not only short term effects but long term ones as well. Employing over one million employees to do rese arch and development, the NIH has made a vast contribution for jobs to those who do not have one. Providing tours and other means to understand what they do to the public, they encourage public awareness. Providing funds for over 130 Nobel prize winners that have created such instruments like the MRI, NIH scientists have paved the way for many and future scientists. The  NIH expects â€Å"to expand the knowledge base in medical and associated sciences in order to enhance the Nations economic well-being and ensure a continued high return on the public investment in research.† (USA.Gov, 2013) Providing leadership for this frontier in medical research, NIH is constantly making new advancements. Keeping archives of all research done in the past 100 years, the NIH keeps these records so future generations can learn. In conclusion, the goals of the NIH are to provide medical research, for the population of the USA. Their goal is to find cure and increase the wellness of the surro unding population. Also, the NIH is made up of a culturally diverse population making it successful in finding, curing or preventing most or all ailments. Encouraging physicians to be more culturally diverse, is one of the NIH’s main goals because of the background in genetics and their diseases. Their ethical values support ours because we are all in the same country. Where thousands if not hundreds of thousands diseases are present every day, and as part of the population most would like to see research and treatments available. â€Å"Our practical wisdom must balance the shifting demands and possibilities that our changing circumstances present.† (Fremgan, 2009) Knowing our past is important as knowing our future. And the NIH has provided a sanctuary for both. As a team we believe that the NIH has social, ethical issues, as well as goals that are met every day as a part of their social responsibility. References National Institutes of Health, (2013). Frequently asked questions. Retrieved from http://www.nih.gov/about/FAQ.htm USA.Gov. (2013). National Institutes of Health. Retrieved from http://www.nih.gov/ Wright, F., Cohen, S., Caroselli, C., (1997). Diverse decisions. How culture affects ethical Decision making. Division of Nursing, New York University, New York. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9136346 Fremgan, B. (2009). Medical Law and Ethics (3rd ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database

Horatios Role In Hamlet :: essays research papers

Horatio’s role in the play Hamlet, which was written by William Shakespeare, is extremely important. In the first place, Horatio was the person who told Hamlet about the ghost. He also had the job of watching Claudius while the play was going on in order to see if he showed his guilt. Lastly, at the end of the play, Horatio had to tell everyone the truth about Hamlet. Hamlet could not do it himself because he died along with eight other characters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hamlet would never have known about the ghost of Old Hamlet if it were not for Horatio. Marcellus and Bernado, who were only guards; they sought the advice of Horatio in order that he would also see this apparition. Since Horatio was such a good friend of Hamlet’s, he was the one chosen to tell him. â€Å"†¦Let us impart what we have seen tonight Unto young Hamlet; for, upon my life, This spirit, dumb to us, will speak to him.† (I, , l 180-187) Horatio, then told Hamlet the news about the ghost of Old Hamlet and that is when the whole drama of the play began. Hamlet states, â€Å"†¦I pray you all, If you have hitherto concealed this sight, let it be tenable in your silence still;†(I, iii, L 269-270) This scene is also significant because Horatio is the only other person who not only saw the ghost but knew what he told Hamlet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After the ghost told young Hamlet what happened, Hamlet had to design a plan to figure out if the ghost was from heaven or hell. He then decided to use â€Å"the players† as bait in order to see how the King acted to the play. After the plan was in place, Hamlet asked Horatio to join him and watch his uncle during the play in order to see his reaction Claudius’s reaction was clear, â€Å"Give me some light. Away!† (III, ii, L 295) This reinforces Hamlet’s observations about the King’s guilt. Horatio then gives news back to Hamlet about the Kings reaction. Now, Hamlet may plan his revenge.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hamlet decided to kill Claudius while he was doing something evil. When Hamlet finally had the chance to kill him, he thought to himself, â€Å"And now I’ll do’t. And so he goes to heaven, And so am I That would be scanned: A villain kills my father, and for that, I, his sole son, do this same villain send to heaven.