The Colonization of Modern Africa :: Colonialism Imperialism

The Colonization of Modern Africa Many of today's distant countries are underdeveloped or not developed at all. People are going through famine and even dieing of starvation. These countries have demanding governments, and not enough money. Many countries with in Africa are just like this. The colonization of modern Africa has had many life changing effects on the people of Africa. Some of the effects of colonization are on the governments, the farming system, and the educational value. Colonization has greatly effected the governments of Africa. Africa gained political independence in the 1950's. Even though political independence was gained there are still many problems with their governments. There is a lack of political experience. Political boundaries, set by the Europeans, have cut across ethnic lines putting diverse people under the same government. This has lead to civil wars. The military is also weak. Just like the government, the farming in Africa is affected by colonization. Africa has many different forms of farming, one of them is Subsistence farming. Subsistence farming is when one farms for just for his family or village. Another type of farming is Commercial farming, or organized farming as a business. There is also Shift farming, which is when a farmer moves every one to three years to find better soil. Only two-fifths of Africa has arable land. Many farmers go hungry or bankrupt because they become dependent on one cash crop. Unlike the government and the farming problem of modern Africa, there are many good effects of colonization. Education has had many good effects like the new schools built and universities. People are furthering their educations and getting better jobs. There are so many more opportunities for people with a higher educations. The Colonization of Modern Africa :: Colonialism Imperialism The Colonization of Modern Africa Many of today's distant countries are underdeveloped or not developed at all. People are going through famine and even dieing of starvation. These countries have demanding governments, and not enough money. Many countries with in Africa are just like this. The colonization of modern Africa has had many life changing effects on the people of Africa. Some of the effects of colonization are on the governments, the farming system, and the educational value. Colonization has greatly effected the governments of Africa. Africa gained political independence in the 1950's. Even though political independence was gained there are still many problems with their governments. There is a lack of political experience. Political boundaries, set by the Europeans, have cut across ethnic lines putting diverse people under the same government. This has lead to civil wars. The military is also weak. Just like the government, the farming in Africa is affected by colonization. Africa has many different forms of farming, one of them is Subsistence farming. Subsistence farming is when one farms for just for his family or village. Another type of farming is Commercial farming, or organized farming as a business. There is also Shift farming, which is when a farmer moves every one to three years to find better soil. Only two-fifths of Africa has arable land. Many farmers go hungry or bankrupt because they become dependent on one cash crop. Unlike the government and the farming problem of modern Africa, there are many good effects of colonization. Education has had many good effects like the new schools built and universities. People are furthering their educations and getting better jobs. There are so many more opportunities for people with a higher educations.

Cargill vs. Intra Strata Assurance Corporation

1. Whether petitioner is doing or transacting business in the Philippines in contemplation of the law and established jurisprudence; 2. Whether respondent is estopped from invoking the defense that petitioner has no legal capacity to sue in the Philippines; Facts: Petitioner Cargill, Inc. (petitioner) is a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, United States of America.Petitioner and Northern Mindanao Corporation (NMC) executed a contract dated 16 August 1989 whereby NMC agreed to sell to petitioner 20,000 to 24,000 metric tons of molasses, to be delivered from 1 January to 30 June 1990at the price of $44 per metric ton. In compliance with the terms of the third amendment of the contract, respondent Intra Strata Assurance Corporation (respondent) issued on 10 October 1990 a performance bond in the sum of P11,287,500 to guarantee NMC’s delivery of the 10,500 tons of molasses, and a surety bond in the sum of P9,978,125 to guarantee the repaym ent of down payment as provided in the contract.NMC was only able to deliver 219. 551 metric tons of molasses out of the agreed 10,500 metric tons. Thus, petitioner sent demand letters to respondent claiming payment under the performance and surety bonds. When respondent refused to pay, petitioner filed on 12 April 1991 a complaint for sum of money against NMC and respondent. Petitioner, NMC, and respondent entered into a compromise agreement, which the trial court approved in its Decision dated 13 December 1991. However, NMC still failed to comply with its obligation under the compromise agreement.Hence, trial proceeded and judgment was rendered in favour of plaintiff ordering defendant INTRA STRATA ASSURANCE CORPORATION to solidarily pay plaintiff the total amount of SIXTEEN MILLION NINE HUNDRED NINETY-THREE THOUSAND AND TWO HUNDRED PESOS (P16,993,200. 00), Philippine Currency, with interest at the legal rate from October 10, 1990 until fully paid, plus attorney’s fees and the costs of the suit. On appeal,the Court of Appeals held that petitioner does not have the capacity to file this suit since it is a foreign corporation doing business in the Philippines without the requisite license.The Court of Appeals held that petitioners purchases of molasses were in pursuance of its basic business and not just mere isolated and incidental transactions. Ruling: To be doing or transacting business in the Philippines for purposes of Section 133 of the Corporation Code, the foreign corporation must actually transact business in the Philippines, that is, perform specific business transactions within the Philippine territory on a continuing basis in its own name and for its own account.Actual transaction of business within the Philippine territory is an essential requisite for the Philippines to acquire jurisdiction over a foreign corporation and thus require the foreign corporation to secure a Philippine business license. If a foreign corporation does not transact such kind of business in the Philippines, even if it exports its products to the Philippines, the Philippines has no jurisdiction to require such foreign corporation to secure a Philippine business license.Santiago Cua, Jr. , et al. vs. Miguel Ocampo Tan, et al. /Santiago Cua, Sr. , et al. vs. Court of Appeals, et al, G. R. No. 181455-56/G. R. No. 182008, December 4, 2009. Issue: Whether derivative suit is proper? Facts: Complainants, PRCI stockholders, have opposed the issuance and approval of the questioned resolutions during the board stockholders’ (sic) meetings, and prior resort to intra-corporate remedies were futile.Complainants asked for copies of the pertinent documents pertaining to the questioned transactions which the board has declined to furnish, thus they instituted the derivative suit in the name of the corporation. They are questioning the acts of the majority of the board of directors believing that the herein petitioners have committed a wrong against the corporation and seeking a nullification of the questioned board resolutions on the ground of wastage of the corporate assets.Ruling: It is well settled in this jurisdiction that where corporate directors are guilty of a breach of trust — not of mere error of judgment or abuse of discretion — and intracorporate remedy is futile or useless, a stockholder may institute a suit in behalf of himself and other stockholders and for the benefit of the corporation, to bring about a redress of the wrong inflicted directly upon the corporation and indirectly upon the stockholders.WPP Marketing Communications, Inc. et al. vs. Jocelyn M. Galera/Jocelyn M. Galera Vs. WPP Marketing Communications, Inc. et al. , Issue: Whether the NLRC has jurisdiction over the dispute? Ruling: Galera being an employee, then the Labor Arbiter and the NLRC have jurisdiction over the present case. Article 217 of the Labor Code provides: Jurisdiction of Labor Arbiters and the Commission. (a) Except as oth erwise provided under this Code, the Labor Arbiters shall have original and exclusive jurisdiction to hear and decide x x x the following cases involving all workers, whether agricultural or non-agricultural: 1. Unfair labor practice cases; 2. Termination disputes; 3. If accompanied with a claim for reinstatement, those cases that workers may file involving wages, rates of pay, hours of work and other terms and conditions of employment; 4.Claims for actual, moral, exemplary and other forms of damages arising from the employer-employee relations; 5. Cases arising from any violation of Article 264 of this Code, including questions involving the legality of strikes and lockouts; 6. Except claims for Employees Compensation, Social Security, Medicare and other maternity benefits, all other claims, arising from employer-employee relations, including those of persons in domestic or household service, involving an amount exceeding five thousand pesos (P5,000. 0) regardless of whether accomp anied with a claim for reinstatement. (b) The Commission shall have exclusive appellate jurisdiction over all cases decided by Labor Arbiters. (c) Cases arising from the interpretation of collective bargaining agreements and those arising from the interpretation or enforcement of company personnel policies shall be disposed of by the Labor Arbiter by referring the same to the grievance machinery and voluntary arbitration as may be provided in said agreements.In contrast, Section 5. 2 of Republic Act No. 8799, or the Securities Regulation Code, states: The Commission’s jurisdiction over all cases enumerated under Section 5 of Presidential Decree No. 902-A is hereby transferred to the courts of general jurisdiction or the appropriate Regional Trial Court: Provided, That the Supreme Court in the exercise of its authority may designate the Regional Trial Court branches that shall exercise jurisdiction over these cases.The Commission shall retain jurisdiction over pending cases in volving intra-corporate disputes submitted for final resolution which should be resolved within one year from the enactment of this Code. The Commission shall retain jurisdiction over pending suspension of payments/rehabilitation cases filed as of 30 June 2000 until finally disposed. The pertinent portions of Section 5 of Presidential Decree No. 02-A, mentioned above, states: b) Controversies arising out of intra-corporate or partnership relations, between and among stockholders, members or associates; between any or all of them and the corporation, partnership or association of which they are stockholders, members or associates, respectively; and between such corporation, partnership or association and the state insofar as it concerns their individual franchise or right to exist as such entity; c) Controversies in the election or appointments of directors, trustees, officers or managers of such corporations, partnerships or associations.Facts: Galera, worked in the Philippines with out a proper work permit but now wants to claim employee’s benefits under Philippine labor laws. Leslie Okol vs. Slimmers World International, et al. , G. R. No. 160146, December 11, 2009. Issue: The issue revolves mainly on whether petitioner was an employee or a corporate officer of Slimmers World. Ruling: Section 25 of the Corporation Code enumerates corporate officers as the president, secretary, treasurer and such other officers as may be provided for in the by-laws.In Tabang v. NLRC, the Supreme Court held that an â€Å"office† is created by the charter of the corporation and the officer is elected by the directors or stockholders. On the other hand, an â€Å"employee† usually occupies no office and generally is employed not by action of the directors or stockholders but by the managing officer of the corporation who also determines the compensation to be paid to such employee.Facts: Okol filed a complaint with the Arbitration branch of the NLRC against Sl immers World, Behavior Modifications, Inc. and Moy for illegal suspension, illegal dismissal, unpaid commissions, damages and attorney’s fees, with prayer for reinstatement and payment of backwages. The labor arbiter ruled that Okol was the vice-president of Slimmers World at the time of her dismissal. Since it involved a corporate officer, the dispute was an intra-corporate controversy falling outside the jurisdiction of the Arbitration branch.

Unintended Consequences - Israel from Palestine - 1356 Words

If you were surrounded by enemies and had no home, to where would you run? The fact is that this very question became a quandary for Jews, especially Zionists, long before the genocides of the Holocaust. In the decades before World War II, Jews sought a place to idealize their faith unhindered and away from governments and societies that ran against their operations. While they tried to assimilate with the cultures around which they lived, they stumbled more often than they soared. Appropriately enough, the international bodies that discussed this issue would consider both entirely separate and similar problems. They would encounter their own answers to the questions that the Jewish populations were facing, and it cannot be stressed†¦show more content†¦Britain began to support Jewish immigration to the area because of a few key reasons. Foremost was the destruction of enemies and gaining of allies. Britain looked to help the Arabs establish independent states as a wa y to gain support against the Ottomans (Immell 16). Britain also wanted to assist the Jews in their transition to Palestine because it felt Russia would be grateful for such a maneuver with its own population (17). Of course, Britain didn’t want to make new enemies in this process. They decided to stay as neutral as possible, doing so through the Balfour Declaration, issued in 1917. This document encouraged a Jewish homeland in Palestine without being a detriment to the rights of Arabs in the region – a clever but difficult balance between both sides (Immell 17). As many politicians discover, it was because of Britain’s awkward, double-edged stance that it found it to be a struggle to support both sides. Instead of focusing on both at the same time, Britain bounced from interest to interest, shifting its focus by favoring both sides at different times (Immell 19). Thus Great Britain’s investment in the affairs of Palestine declined. When Britain announced its intention to keep the peace, it forgot the intentions of the people it was maintaining. It was obvious that Jews and Arabs could not coexist by the late 1930s (Immell 19). With their in-fighting,Show MoreRelatedUnintended Consequences - Israel from Palestine1297 Words   |  6 PagesPity from the Holocaust A common argument for the Holocaust’s causation in the creation of Israel and generous partition of Palestine is the potential for nations to pity the Jews for their suffering. In truth, Zionism wasn’t offered any gains by the Holocaust. Not only was the genocide irrelevant to the argument of Zionism to the rest of the world, but it also couldn’t be pitied, as it was not yet understood. Overall, the Palestine question – and it was just that: a question regarding PalestineRead MorePower, Ideology, and Terror in the Atomic Age Worksheet1675 Words   |  7 Pages 1. What role did atomic weapons play in the Cold War? Summarize nuclear developments from 1945 to 1991. After the Second World War, United States and the Soviet Union entered into a Cold War that lasted more the 40 years because both sides had Atomic Weapons that were aimed at each other with each side fearing and dreading what a Hot War would cause if Atomic Weapons were used. Nuclear developments from 1945-1991 (Cold War Period) were atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki (AugustRead MoreArab-Israeli Conflict Essay1762 Words   |  8 Pagesget their freedom. The British accepted the terms, and in 1915 it was written up in a letter to Hussein, more commonly known as the McMahon letter, due to the person who wrote it. The Arabs assisted the British in conquering Syria and Palestine, and were eagerly awaiting the end of the war when they would be able to claim back their lost freedom. The second promise, however, was a vain attempt at keeping on good terms with the French, as whether or not the French were goingRead MoreShould It Be Important For Policymakers And Specialists1666 Words   |  7 Pagesissues concerning them become more intricate of forces abroad. Understanding universal relations is critical to a world where thousands of atomic weapons exist and more nations are attempting to obtain them, where a large number of people die every day from neediness brought about by the manner in which the international system works, and where suicide terrorist assaults like the ones of September 11, 2001, come all of a sudden. (REF Singer J. David; The Level-of-Analysis Problem in International RelationsRead MorePeace in the Middle East Essay1991 Words   |  8 Pagesin Iran to stop the western-controlled oil companies from being nationalized, to the support of Israel and the presence of western troops in the land of the two holy places. The region is not destabilized because of radical Islam; it is destabilized because of west ern intervention, a denial by the western powers of Arab self-determination and sovereignty, and a profound misunderstanding of Arab culture. Blowback, or the unintended consequences of foreign intervention, is a relatively unknown conceptRead MoreTorture as an Interrogation Device Essay2512 Words   |  11 Pagesthe stress involved. Hence, the detainee’s information is clouded and can parrot suggestions from the interrogators as oppose to accurate and new to the interrogators. Another serious pitfall of torture is confabulation (false memories), a resultant of the damage to the prefrontal cortex. A 2008 study showed that pain and stress retreat further into a murky situation where the detainee cannot tell truth from false knowledge. O’Mara argues that prolonged and sever stress does not support memory in theRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Import ant Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageslittle significance. But there is little agreement over when the twentieth century c.e. arrived, and there were several points both before the year 2000 (the collapse of the Soviet Union, the reunification of Germany, the surge of globalization from the mid-1990s) and afterward (9/11, or the global recession of 2008) when one could quite plausibly argue that a new era had begun. A compelling case can be made for viewing the decades of the global scramble for colonies after 1870 as a predictable

UMBC Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

The University of Maryland, Baltimore County is a public university with an acceptance rate of 58%. Located just 15 minutes from Baltimores Inner Harbor and 30 minutes from Washington, D.C., the university offers undergraduates 48 majors and 38 minors. For excellence in the liberal arts and sciences, UMBC was awarded a chapter of the prestigious  Phi Beta Kappa  Honor Society.  The universitys many strengths earned it a spot among the  top Maryland colleges and universities. In athletics, the UMBC Retrievers compete in the NCAA Division I America East Conference. ï » ¿Considering applying to UMBC? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, the University of Maryland, Baltimore County had an acceptance rate of 58%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 58 were admitted, making UMBCs admissions competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 11,720 Percent Admitted 58% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 26% SAT Scores and Requirements The University of Maryland, Baltimore County requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 91% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 600 670 Math 590 690 ERW-Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of UMBCs admitted students fall within the top 35% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to University of Maryland, Baltimore County scored between 600 and 670, while 25% scored below 600 and 25% scored above 670. On the math section, 50% of admitted student scored between 590 and 690, while 25% scored below 590 and 25% scored above 690. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1360 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at UMBC. Requirements University of Maryland, Baltimore County does not require the SAT writing section or SAT Subject tests. Note that UMBC participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. ACT Scores and Requirements The University of Maryland, Baltimore County requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 20% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 23 30 Math 23 28 Composite 24 29 This admissions data tells us that most of UMBCs admitted students fall within the top 26% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to the University of Maryland, Baltimore County received a composite ACT score between 24 and 29, while 25% scored above 29 and 25% scored below 24. Requirements UMBC does not require the ACT writing section. Unlike many universities, the University of Maryland, Baltimore County superscores ACT results; your highest subscores from multiple ACT sittings will be considered. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA for admitted UMBC students was 3.86. This data suggests that most successful applicants to the University of Maryland, Baltimore County have primarily B/B grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph University of Maryland, Baltimore County Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances The University of Maryland, Baltimore County, which accepts just over half of applicants, has a somewhat competitive admissions process. Most successful applicants have grades and test scores that are above average. However, UMBC has a  holistic admissions  process involving other factors beyond your grades and test scores. A strong  application essay  and glowing  letters of recommendation  can strengthen your application, as can participation in  meaningful extracurricular activities  and a  rigorous course schedule. In the graph above, the blue and green dots represent accepted students. You can see a pretty clear division at an SAT score of about 1150 (ERWM) and an ACT score of 23. Most students above these  scores got in, and most below it did not. Youll also notice that the majority of successful applicants had high school averages of B or higher. Higher test scores and grades obviously improve your chances of getting an acceptance letter, and almost no students with A averages and above average SAT scores were rejected. All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and University of Maryland, Baltimore Countys Undergraduate Admissions Office.

The Application Of Pedagogical Principles - 1388 Words

Analyse the application of pedagogical principles in own area of specialism Pedagogy is a word that is used to describe the art and science of teaching. Pedagogical roles are the many and varied that a teacher may perform while teaching, such as structuring, soliciting, responding and reacting. Other roles involve assessing, criticising, discussing, encouraging, enquiring, evaluating, explain, giving individual instruction, lecturing, organising, presenting, questioning and answering, repeating and reviewing and team teaching and tutoring etc. (L.Walklin 2000; pg 175) In my own specialist area (Maths) I used pedagogic technologies like Power points for delivering the sessions, and for messages I would use E-mail, SMS and Twitter. For assignments I would prefer my students to use Digital library, E-books, Websites and Newsfeeds. Sometimes I give tasks like Statistical analysis, Data analysis, Spreadsheet, and Search engine to my learners to do independent work on computers. I also do Computer-based assessment tools e.g. multiple choice questions and quizzes. I also involve my students to design their own Maths posters on specific topics using computer design tools e.g. Presentation tools and Multimedia presentation. 1.2) Evaluate the effectiveness of use of creative and innovative approaches in own area of specialism To make a purposeful, inclusive learning and teaching environment in my sessions I use a variety of creative and innovative approaches, for example I wouldShow MoreRelatedThe Application Of Pedagogical Principles1511 Words   |  7 Pages1.1 Analyse the application of pedagogical principles in own area of specialism. Teaching a specialism of any matter requires the teacher themselves to be competent and confident with their own abilities first. To be a competent carpenter requires lots of experience, dedication and time – without dedication, you will not put in the time and in turn not gain the experience. Hence dedication is a fundamental element, which is expressed to all the construction students at Harlow College, in order forRead MoreDiversifying Assessment in a Physical Education Class1412 Words   |  6 Pagesto be better than others around them (4). Assessing children is an important aspect to consider as it can be motivating for some and debilitating for others. Teachers are now able to find new pedagogical strategies in order to assess students in a variety of way. The new innovate ideas provide a pedagogical approach that is more inclusive to students as it can accommodate different learning styles. Additionally, assessment in relation to physical activity gives students an und erstanding on whereRead MoreContemporary Pharmacy Education : Challenges For The Development Of Effective Pedagogical Strategies858 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTION Educators in contemporary pharmacy education are facing challenges for the development of effective pedagogical strategies to cater the needs of net-savvy internet generation (Net Geners) students 1. Student pharmacists belonging to this generation are increasingly visually oriented and favor visual learning modalities. There is growing evidence that as a teaching modality, use of visual instructional aids improves students understanding and retention of topics in courses such as pharmaceuticsRead MoreReasons For The Study Of Spirituality From A Theological Perspective1728 Words   |  7 Pagesmerely academic, mental assent to a framework of belief. Theologians such as have also offered definitions of theology which wholeheartedly embrace this idea. John Frame has defined theology as: the application of the Word of God by persons to all areas of life 7 This idea of whole life application has an impact upon our thought/orthodoxy, our action/orthopraxis and our affection/orthopathos.8,9 However, this definition, in contrast to Wolftiech, gives primacy to the authority of Scripture. WithinRead MoreTechnical and Tactical Classification of Games and Physical Activity1324 Words   |  5 Pagesof Games and Physical Activity Objective The objective of this study is to analyze the technical and tactical principles of play for the major sport classification together with the different methods and instructional approaches. Introduction The work of Dyson, Griffin and Hastie (2004) entitled Sport Education, Tactical Games and Cooperative Learning: Theoretical and Pedagogical Considerations states that many educators hold the belief that students rather than the teacher should be at theRead More5.Discussion . 5.1 Chapter Structure. This Chapter Describes1406 Words   |  6 Pagesdirect learning practices to learner desires, could configure the learning concepts, and this could change the way an instructor designs upcoming teaching and learning events. Figure 1: The LD-CM in physics teaching for higher education 5.4 Application of the Learning Design Conceptual Map A considerable amount of literature has been published on educational research methods and theories to lead decisions in teaching and learn ¬ing activities, and to assess the effect of those decisions. For thisRead MoreAdult Learning Theories and Faculty Advisor2344 Words   |  9 Pagestake both classical and operant condioning into practical consideration focusing to encourage learning vise trying to control classroom behavior. â€Å"Behavioristic teachers see people as a collection of habits† (Watson 1930). Implementing practical applications as in class activities over the material covered will facilitate a repetitious manner in which the student can process the new information and form redundancy. This will facilitate placing new information into long term memory. Wilhelm WundtRead MoreIn This Chapter K. Hyland (2016) Analyses Different Studies1614 Words   |  7 Pagesarticulated framework where many elements influence the writing process, more complex methodologies and data analyses have been utilised. Thus, the author aims at introducing them to novice researchers, underlining the main issues, the related pedagogical and research implications, and possible developments of these studies for further research. In the light of that, a first brief introduction about the concepts of texts and contexts will be provided, followed by the identification and discussionRead MoreLev Vygotsky And The Zone Of Proximal Development1522 Words   |  7 Pagesmade him stand out from other theorists of the time is that instead of centering his ideas in behavior, Vygotsky instead focused on the learning process and the potential for a child to learn. He showed the value pairing learning with a practical application, and that in doing so, it could make for mor e effective learning on the part of the child. The result of such a theory was that provided families and educators an insight on how they might be able to influence the development experience for a childRead MoreThe Importance Of The Higher Levels Of Cognitive Complexity Within The Field Of Counseling875 Words   |  4 Pagesstate that being authentic and encouraging is critical for instructors to create an effective learning environment. Several factors such as instructors’ respectful and warm behaviors have been recognized as the key contributors. In addition, several principles mentioned be McAuliffe (2014) also address the importance of learning environment. For example, creating a feeling of safety (p.31), ensuring the existence of sound relationships, showing respect for learners as agents, engaging learners (p.32)

Fundamentals of International Financial - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Fundamentals of International Financial. Answer: Introduction This report is undertaken for providing an understanding of the concepts of international financial management. In this context, the report discusses the role of international financial markets and currency derivatives in the management of the finances of a selected international firm. The international firm selected for the purpose is Samsung Group, a multinational company headquartered in South Korea. The report has presented background information of the company discussing its major business activities. The exposure of the company to the foreign exchange risks is discussed in the report along with the strategies that can be used for managing the risks identified. Background of Company Rationale for the Selection The Samsung Group is a multinational electronic company that provides its electronic product and services across the world. The company is selected as it operates on a global platform and therefore there is huge impact of international financial markets on its operational activities. The company operating internationally is highly exposed to the risk of foreign exchange and therefore selected for analysis purpose (Lee, 2006). Brief History on its Emergence as Global Firm The company was established in the year 1983 initially as a trading company and diversified its operational functions into food processing, insurance, securities and retail. However, it entered into the electronics industry in 1960s and initially carried out its business operations in South Korea. However, after achieving success in the electronics market it globalised its activities in this market and is presently recognized as a leader in developing mobile phones and semiconductors (Michell, 2011). Key business activities and the Countries in which it carries out Its International Activities The company is actively involved in manufacturing of electronic components, medical equipment, semi-conductors, and solid state drivers, telecommunications equipment and home appliances. Besides this, it also provides services such as advertising, construction, entertainment, financial and health care services. The company provides its products and services across the world (Lee, 2006). Company Exposure to Foreign Exchange Risk The company serves to all parts of the world and therefore has to incur gains and losses in currency due to foreign exchange risk. The company has to face foreign currency risk due to various functional currencies of different countries in which it operates. The foreign currency risk occurs due to currency volatility due to exchange positions of currencies such as US Dollar, Euro, Japanese and Yen. The current foreign currency exposure of the company for USD, Euro and Yen on the basis of a hypothetical 5% currency rate change against Korean won (KRW) at the end of the financial year 2016 can be depicted as follows. (Samsung electronics co., ltd, 2016): (Source: https://images.samsung.com/is/content/samsung/p5/sg/ir/docs/170331_2016_Business_Report_vF.pdf) The Role of International Financial Markets and Currency Derivatives in Managing the Companys Finances The company conducting its operations in foreign markets and involved in international trade activities is on the risk of global currency fluctuations. This is because the rapid change in the currency conversion rates can negatively impact the performance of its business units in different countries. As such, it is essential for the company to analyze the risks associated with carrying out its business on international level for developing effective strategies for its reduction. The use of financial derivatives such as futures, swaps and options offer new ways for managing the finances (Kevin, 2009). Derivatives are means to hedge the financial risks that can arise in future due to the present actions of the company. Transactions that are influenced due to international changes in currency rates, interest rates can be easily be managed by the use of derivatives. The most common use of derivatives in managing the company finances is hedging the foreign currency risks. Foreign currency risk arises due to change in exchange rate of currency in the international market. This type of risk is very critical and requires great attention of the multinational companies. Through use of derivatives (Futures and Options), company can hedge the future international payments or receipts so that net fluctuations in the net payment and net receipt at exercise date is minimum (Levi, 2007). Derivatives are also used to hedge the interest rate risk. Interest rate risk arises due to changes in interest rate in home country and also in international country. So derivatives play an important role in ma naging such risk. Samsung actively uses derivative to hedge both the currency risk and interest rate risk as there are huge number of transactions that are made internationally by the Microsoft and they need to hedge using the derivatives (Swensen, 2009). Methods/strategies of managing risk used by the company The company for reducing the foreign exchange risk has developed and implemented a foreign exchange management policy. The foreign exchange management policy of the company has directed the business transactions such as imports and exports to be carried out in the domestic currency or matching the cash-in currency with cash-out currency. The policy also provides a definition of the foreign exchange risk, measuring period, responsibilities of the owner, management policies, hedging period and ratio. This policy of the company has also restricted the carrying out of all the speculative foreign exchange transactions. In addition to this, the company has also introduced a global foreign exchange system for managing the exposures associated with the use of receivables and payables that are denominated in the foreign currencies. The subsidiaries of the company also incorporates the use of hedging for offsetting the risk associated with the use of foreign currency through trading currency f orward contracts. The overseas business unit of the company buy or sell its currency forwards having maturity of less than a year through the use of banking institutions for minimizing the exchange risks (Jones, 2009). Conclusion Thus, it can be stated from the overall discussion held in the report that business organizations operating on a global level should identify the risk of foreign currency exchange. The identification of these types of risks is essential for developing effective strategies to minimize such risk. The reduction in the foreign currency risk is essential for multinational companies to achieve success in different parts of the world. References Jones, C. 2009. Investments: Analysis and Management. John Wiley Sons. Kevin, S. 2009. Fundamentals of International Financial Management. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Lee, D. 2006. Samsung Electronics: The Global Inc. LEE Dongyoup. Levi, M. 2007. International Finance: Contemporary Issues. Routledge. Michell, A. 2011. Samsung Electronics and the Struggle for Leadership of the Electronics Industry. John Wiley Sons. Samsung electronics co., ltd. 2016. Business Report. Retrieved 5 December, 2017, from https://images.samsung.com/is/content/samsung/p5/sg/ir/docs/170331_2016_Business_Report_vF.pdf Swensen, D. 2009. Pioneering Portfolio Management: An Unconventional Approach to Institutional Investment, Fully Revised and Updated. Simon and Schuster.

Justice for Socrates and Augustine

People define justice differently according to their understanding of the situation in question. Most people confuse justice and punishment (Lyons 16). The idea behind it is that two mistakes can provide a solution which implies that a tooth for a tooth and an eye for an eye. I suppose that justice is fair treatment and acting fairly in all situations that one may come across. To get a more precise definition, justice is the course or action which will restore balance to a situation (Augustine 34).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Justice for Socrates and Augustine specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the discussion, how different philosophers define justice and how they propose on how it should be handled by different groups of people is extremely valuable (Dockendorf 24). For that case, we take two most identified philosophers who are Socrates and Augustine. The two scholars gave their definitions of justice bas ing on different perspectives but all pointing towards the same direction in giving fairness to people. For many years, people have defined justice in various ways. Plato’s work has given records on Socrates views on justice. This gives us the ability to read and understand the Socrates way of thinking toward justice. According to Socrates, justice was just good, and it could only be reached through self knowledge. He claimed that unanimous good existed and each and every person had the ability to find the good. When philosophers analyzed the justice issue, they discussed and gave their results as justice being good. This is according to Plato’s Republic first two books. Then they also looked at the opposite of justice as evil. For a person to be seen as just, he or she ought to be a good person and the crucial question here is to know what good is. Kealy indicates that good can be what is necessary, lacked or desired (Lyons 27). Socrates comes in on the same note and says that they are natural requirements but not what a person feels that he needs. A person’s nature is the daimon (the person’s inner self which seeks fulfillment). Logically the good preferred since it fulfills a person’s nature and Socrates indicate that the hunt for happiness is the normal objective in life. When I look at the word good, and the definition it leaves me puzzled. What may seem good to me might be worst to another person (Dockendorf 39). This justifies the saying that â€Å"one man’s meat is another man’s poison.† Every individual is just unique on his or her own way. The daimon of one person is much different from the other person’s daimon. Basing on this factor, Kealy proposes that one should identify his or her own potential (Augustine 43). Somebody’s ideas should not be followed to determine what is good for him or herself. This must be done considering Knowledge Next (Lyons 35). Socrates explained the ide a and notes that knowledge directs one to good and knowledge itself is good.Advertising Looking for report on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This indicates that self knowledge directs one to knowledge of differentiating between evil and good. It is only through the understanding that one can avoid committing evil deeds. One can only commit wrong if he or she is ignorant in his own actions (Augustine 48). According to Socrates knowledge is a virtue and on the reverse is ignorance. In this case, I can cite for major virtues courage, justice, temperance and piety. All these virtues can be drawn back to knowledge. Justice can be achieved after understanding what is good and what is evil. The search for happiness can be done from good deeds but not evil. In fact, evil will results to the opposite of happiness. So when evil does not exist happiness will prevail (Augustine 50). This can be supported by observing an ill p erson go to seek medical attention from the caregivers. When compared with a man who never gets sick, it is obvious that an ailment free person is always happy than a treated man. Then basing on this comparison Socrates argues that the cure for the crime (evil) is punishment and justice enforces that punishment. In this relation, the ill free person is happier than the treated person (Lyons 37). So the person, who never did wrong, will always be happy while the wrong doer gets the punishment for his misdeeds. Then he identifies the next person who lives an evil life and does not recognize the punishment. This person is similar to a child who avoids medicine to cure his or her illness which is justice (Augustine 56). Later on the child acquires blindness due to ignorance. This child is the same as the person who commits evil and avoids getting punishment. The same behavior may continue which in turn prolongs the punishment and suffering (Dockendorf 46). Socrates proposes that there i s no need of living with unjust souls. The just souls are more important than all the possessions of the earth. He also proposes that if any person realizes that he has committed evil, he should run to the judge and get justice. If he waits for any longer, then he will be increasing the length of suffering. So it is better treating the illness earlier than later, because it would not be chronic then. According to Socrates, it is good to do just to friends when they are good to us. Then we should harm the enemies when they do evil to us. He identifies that doing evil is harmful than receiving evil or harm (Augustine 58). Doing justice may be internal; on the contrary, doing harm is unjust while a just man will never harm another. In conclusion, Socrates means that no person should harm another because it is more important to live a just life. In his view, a just soul of a poor person is far much better than a rich man’s soul who got his wealth through unjust means.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Justice for Socrates and Augustine specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Saint Augustine was a God fearing person who lived in the Roman Empire. As a man of God, he worked hard to fulfill the requirements of His creator. The most prominent of these requirements was providing justice for all people (Augustine 60). This was to set a good example for the forth coming generations to follow the correct footsteps. In his live Augustine had a soul that sought the will of God so as to live that was full true human character. In his opinion, he defined justice in the concepts of desire and the will of God (Dockendorf 49). He imagined of an anthropology which gave God a central and primary influence. So he could not foresee true justice lacking the essential element of God (Augustine 64). He gives us his discussion of justice and a society that is just through the City of God in Greek Language. Augustine makes use of the Bible quoting from different books in justifying his opinions. For example, he quotes from Habakkuk that a just person is comparable to the justice of God who controls his obedient city in respect of his own grace. Form these, it tells us that a just person will always live by his Christian faith (Lyons 39). In Augustine’s view, this should be like that faith which is lively in Christian love. This love should be the love of God alone then the love for neighbors’ just like him or herself. Justice can also be seen as the respect of God through following the rule of love from the Bible. The just individual (par excellence) is an individual whose faith results from the (caritas) which is love of God and others (Lyons 47). In the City of God peoples, relationship to justice is just secondary sense in Augustine’s view justice is mainly about God. To be more precise in occasions where God does not receive His due then He has been subjected to injustic e. Justice starts and ends with Christian adoration, devotion and the love of God. In respect of God, there can be no justice without Christ (Augustine 70). The reason behind this is that Jesus Christ lived without sin, and He is truly the only just man who is a measure of justice. Augustine did not restrict himself on spiritual mediation alone. He performed the role of a magistrate by himself (Dockendorf 56). Whenever there was a conflict, he reasoned out transforming much deeper wisdom, from the Bible and Christ (Augustine 78). He applied a good example of the woman who committed adultery and Jesus told her to go and never sin any more. This is to signify that God has justice for everybody but does not give anybody chance to continue sinning.Advertising Looking for report on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Justice as defined by both Socrates and Augustine point towards the same direction although from different perspectives. According to Socrates justice is good as seen by a person and evil as understood by the person. To be able to identify good and evil one requires knowledge (Dockendorf 66). This knowledge helps one to see if good verify evil or good. He proposes that if one realizes that he has done evil he should run for justice (punishment) (Lyons 59). The highest person who gives punishment is the Judge, from Socrates point of view. Socrates states that justice should not wait; it should be done immediately to avoid increasing the suffering (Augustine 75). St. Augustine, on the other hand, believes that Jesus Christ is the only just man and justice prevails when a society relies on God. Justice comes through faith and love for oneself and others. The highest person as regarded by ST. Augustine is only God. Justice can never prevail without God in the midst (Lyons 70). In all th e definitions of justice, we find that human being is obviously just to others. For justice to prevail, it requires that all people must keep to their correct sides, and whenever one makes a mistake he should seek justice. Works Cited Dockendorf, Luc. Socrates,Virginia. West Virginia University, 1996. Print Lyons, David. Ethics and the Rule of Law, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Print St. Augustine. Confessions IV. New York: Long Horn publishers, 2008. Print This report on Justice for Socrates and Augustine was written and submitted by user Neil T. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.